Kuwunika kwa acetic acid: kutentha, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito
Acetic acid (chemical formula CH₃COOH), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acetic acid, ndi organic acid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, chakudya ndi mankhwala. Maonekedwe a asidi acetic, makamaka pamene akuwira, ndi ofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makampani opanga mankhwala. M'nkhaniyi, tisanthula mwatsatanetsatane za kuwira kwa asidi acetic, tikambirana momwe zimakhudzira komanso kufunikira kwake pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
Mfundo mwachidule za kuwira kwa asidi asidi
Kutentha kwa asidi acetic ndi 117.9 ° C (244.2 ° F), yomwe imayesedwa pa mphamvu ya mumlengalenga (1 atmosphere, 101.3 kPa). Kutentha kumeneku, asidi acetic amasintha kuchoka ku madzi kupita ku gasi, njira yomwe ili sitepe lofunika kwambiri pazochitika zambiri za mankhwala. Acetic acid imakhala ndi malo otentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyu ake.
Zomwe zimakhudza kuwira kwa acetic acid
Ngakhale kuti kutentha kwa acetic acid ndi 117.9 ° C, pochita kutentha kumeneku kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Kupanikizika kumakhudza kwambiri kuwira. Pazovuta zotsika (mwachitsanzo, vacuum), kuwira kwa asidi acetic kumachepetsa kwambiri, pomwe m'malo opanikizika kwambiri, kuwira kwake kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, panthawi ya distillation yamafakitale, kuwongolera kupanikizika kwadongosolo kumatha kuwongolera bwino kutentha ndi kulekanitsa kwa asidi acetic.
Zonyansa mumtsuko zitha kukhudzanso kuwira kwa asidi. Makamaka pamene asidi apanga zosakaniza ndi mankhwala ena, nsonga yake yowira imatha kupatuka pamikhalidwe yoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira zamadzimadzi, kuwira kwa asidi acetic kumatha kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha zochitika za azeotropic. Kumvetsetsa ndi kuwongolera zinthu izi ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino njira zopangira mankhwala.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Acetic Acid Boiling Points mu Viwanda
Kuwira kwa asidi acetic si gawo lofunika kwambiri pazakuthupi, komanso ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'mafakitale angapo. Ntchito yodziwika bwino ndikuthira ndi kuyeretsa asidi. Pakupanga mankhwala, kuwongolera bwino malo owira ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mupeze acetic acid yoyera kwambiri. Popanga ma acetate ndi acetate esters, kuwongolera kwa malo otentha a acetic acid kumakhudzanso chiwongolero chazinthu ndi zokolola.
Kuwira kwa asidi acetic kulinso ndi ntchito yofunikira pakuwunika zachilengedwe ndi njira zamankhwala. Kuchiza madzi oipa kapena mpweya wotayira wokhala ndi acetic acid ukhoza kutheka mwa kutenthetsa asidi potenthetsa. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa bwino kuwira kwa acetic acid ndikusintha malamulo ake ndikofunikira kuti mupange njira yochiritsira yothandiza.
Chidule
Kuwira kwa asidi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga mankhwala. Kumvetsetsa komanso kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwira kwa asidi acetic, monga kupanikizika ndi zonyansa, zitha kuthandiza mainjiniya ndi akatswili kukhathamiritsa ntchito yopanga ndikuwongolera mtundu wazinthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kangapo kwa kutentha kwa asidi acetic m'makampani kumawonetsanso kufunikira kwake pakupanga ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Pakafukufuku wamtsogolo ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, kusanthula mozama kwa kuwira kwa asidi acetic kudzapitilira kubweretsa zopambana zaukadaulo kumakampani opanga mankhwala.