Malo otentha a trichloromethane: Chidziwitso pazigawo zofunika zamankhwala
Trichloromethane, formula ya mankhwala CHCl₃, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chloroform, ndi chinthu chofunikira chosungunulira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi ma laboratories, ndipo mawonekedwe ake, makamaka malo otentha, ndizomwe zimatsimikizira madera ake ogwiritsira ntchito komanso chitetezo. Mu pepala ili, tiwona mozama nsonga yowira ya trichloromethane ndikusanthula kufunikira kwake pamakampani opanga mankhwala.
Malo otentha a trichloromethane ndi kufunikira kwake
Kuwira kwa trichloromethane ndi 61.2 ° C (kapena 334.4 K). Malo otentha ndi kutentha komwe madzi amasinthidwa kukhala gasi pamagetsi enaake (kawirikawiri kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga, kapena 101.3 kPa). Pankhani ya trichloromethane, kuwira kwake kochepa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosasunthika kwambiri kutentha kwa chipinda, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yake pamakampani opanga mankhwala.
Zomwe zimakhudza kuwira kwa trichloromethane
Kuwira kwa trichloromethane kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, makamaka mphamvu za intermolecular van der Waals ndi polarity ya molekyulu. Kuchuluka kwa electronegativity ya maatomu a klorini mu molekyu ya trichloromethane kumapereka polarity inayake, yomwe imatsogolera kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zina za dipole-dipole pakati pa mamolekyu. Kukhalapo kwa mphamvu za intermolecular izi kumapangitsa kuti trichloromethane igonjetse mphamvu zolumikizanazi ndikusintha kukhala mpweya pokhapokha pa kutentha kwina. Zotsatira zake, kuwira kwake kumakhala kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mamolekyu ena omwe si a polar monga methane (malo otentha -161.5 ° C) koma otsika kuposa madzi (kuwira 100 ° C), kusonyeza mphamvu zake zapakati pa intermolecular interaction.
Kufunika kwa malo otentha a trichloromethane pamafakitale
Malo otentha a trichloromethane ndi kalozera wofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'makampani. Kutentha kwake kocheperako kumapangitsa kukhala chosungunulira bwino cha organic, makamaka pamachitidwe omwe amafunikira kuti asamatenthedwe mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala, trichloromethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa, kusungunula ndi kuyeretsa chifukwa imatha kusuntha mwachangu komanso kusungunula zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kuwira kwake kochepa, kusasunthika kuyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga zida za mafakitale, makamaka m'machitidwe okhudzana ndi distillation ndi zosungunulira zosungunulira, kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso moyenera.
Mphamvu ya powira ya trichloromethane pachitetezo
Malo otentha a trichloromethane amakhalanso ndi chiwopsezo chachindunji pachitetezo cha kusungidwa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kwakukulu pa kutentha kwa chipinda, imakonda kupanga nthunzi yoyaka ndi poizoni mumlengalenga. Izi zimafuna mpweya wabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zoyenera zomata kuti zisungidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Kudziwa kuwira kwa trichloromethane kungathandize makampani opanga mankhwala kuti akhazikitse njira zoyenera zotetezera kuti asatuluke mwangozi komanso kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Mapeto
Kuwunika kwa nsonga yowira ya trichloromethane sikungotithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino zakuthupi za mankhwalawa, komanso kumapereka maziko ofunikira ogwiritsira ntchito pamakampani opanga mankhwala. Kuchokera pamapangidwe ake a mamolekyu mpaka momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, malo otentha a trichloromethane amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonza njira zamakina ndi kasamalidwe ka chitetezo. Pomvetsetsa mozama za kuwira kwa trichloromethane, titha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chinthuchi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino komanso chitetezo chake pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.