Phenolndi molekyu yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunikira pamachitidwe ambiri amankhwala ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Choncho, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi njira yodalirika yodziwira phenol mu zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo kuti tidziwe phenol, ubwino ndi zovuta zake, komanso kufunikira kwa chidziwitso cha phenol m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale.

1. Chromatography ya Gasi (GC)

Gas chromatography ndi njira yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira phenol. Mwanjira iyi, chitsanzocho chimalowetsedwa muzambiri zodzaza ndi gawo loyima. Gawo la mafoni ndiye likudutsa pamzerewu, ndikulekanitsa zigawo zachitsanzo. Kupatukana kumachokera ku kusungunuka kwachibale kwa zigawo mu magawo oima ndi mafoni.

Ubwino: GC imakhudzidwa kwambiri, yachindunji, komanso yachangu. Iwo akhoza kudziwa otsika woipa wa phenol.

Zoipa: GC imafuna anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso zida zodula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosayenera kuyesa kumunda.

2. Liquid Chromatography (LC)

Liquid chromatography ndi ofanana ndi gas chromatography, koma gawo loyima limadzaza ndime m'malo mokutidwa ndi chothandizira chokhazikika. LC imagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa mamolekyu akulu, monga mapuloteni ndi ma peptides.

Ubwino: LC imakhala ndi mphamvu zolekanitsa kwambiri ndipo imatha kuthana ndi mamolekyu akulu.

Zoipa: LC imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa GC ndipo imafuna nthawi yochulukirapo kuti ipeze zotsatira.

3. Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy ndi njira yosawononga yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyeza kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa kwa ma radiation ndi ma atomu kapena mamolekyu. Pankhani ya phenol, infrared spectroscopy ndi nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Infrared spectroscopy imayesa mayamwidwe a radiation ya infrared ndi mamolekyu, pomwe mawonekedwe a NMR amayesa kuyamwa kwa radiation ya radiofrequency ndi nyukiliya ya maatomu.

Ubwino wake: Spectroscopy ndi yachindunji kwambiri ndipo imatha kupereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza kapangidwe ka mamolekyu.

Kuipa kwake: Nthaŵi zambiri spectroscopy imafuna zipangizo zodula ndipo ingatenge nthaŵi.

4. Njira za Colorimetric

Njira zama colorimetric zimaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu ndi sampuli ndi reagent kuti ipange chinthu chamitundu chomwe chimatha kuyezedwa mowonera. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ya colorimetric yodziwira phenol imaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu ndi 4-aminoantipyrine pamaso pa cholumikizira cholumikizira kuti chipange mankhwala ofiira. Kuchuluka kwa mtunduwo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa phenol mu chitsanzo.

Ubwino: Njira zopangira utoto ndizosavuta, zotsika mtengo, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kumunda.

Zoipa: Njira zamtundu wa colorimetric sizingakhale zenizeni ndipo sizingazindikire mitundu yonse ya phenol.

5. Mayeso a Zamoyo

Kuyesa kwachilengedweKugwiritsa ntchito momwe zamoyo zimagwirira ntchito kuti zizindikire kupezeka, zomwe zili, komanso zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe zikufuna. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ena ndi yisiti amatha kusintha phenol kukhala mankhwala achikuda omwe amatha kuyeza spectrophotometrically. Mayeserowa ali olunjika kwambiri koma akhoza kukhala opanda chidwi pamagulu otsika.

Ubwino wake: Zoyezetsa zachilengedwe ndizokhazikika kwambiri ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zida zatsopano.

Zoipa: Kuyeza kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe kumatha kukhala kopanda chidwi ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi.