Zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zikusintha mwachangu, zomwe zikukhudza kapangidwe ka malo komwe kumapangidwa mzaka zana zapitazi. Monga msika waukulu wa ogula padziko lonse lapansi, China pang'onopang'ono ikugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yosintha mankhwala. Makampani opanga mankhwala ku Europe akupitilizabe kupita kumakampani opanga mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri. Makampani opanga mankhwala aku North America akuyambitsa "anti globalization" ya malonda a mankhwala. Makampani opanga mankhwala ku Middle East ndi Eastern Europe akukulitsa pang'onopang'ono mndandanda wa mafakitale, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo komanso mpikisano wapadziko lonse. Makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wake kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko chake, ndipo machitidwe a makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse akhoza kusintha kwambiri mtsogolomu.
Chitukuko chamakampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi chikufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
Mchitidwe wa "double carbon" ukhoza kusintha momwe mabizinesi ambiri amapangira petrochemical
Mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi adalengeza kuti "carbon double" China idzafika pachimake mu 2030 ndikukhala osalowerera ndale mu 2060. Ngakhale kuti panopa "carbon yapawiri" imakhala yochepa, nthawi zambiri, "carbon carbon" akadali muyeso wapadziko lonse. kuthana ndi kutentha kwanyengo.
Popeza makampani a petrochemical amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kaboni, ndi bizinesi yomwe ikuyenera kusintha kwambiri pamayendedwe apawiri. Kusintha kwaukadaulo kwamabizinesi amafuta a petrochemical potengera mawonekedwe amtundu wapawiri wa kaboni nthawi zonse kwakhala cholinga chamakampaniwo.
Pansi pa njira yapawiri ya kaboni, njira zosinthira zamafuta aku Europe ndi America padziko lonse lapansi ndizofanana. Pakati pawo, zimphona zazikulu zamafuta zaku America ziziyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga matekinoloje okhudzana ndi kusindikiza kaboni, ndikukulitsa mwamphamvu mphamvu za biomass. Zimphona zazikulu zamafuta ku Europe ndi mayiko ena asintha malingaliro awo ku mphamvu zowonjezera, magetsi oyera ndi mbali zina.
M'tsogolomu, pansi pa chitukuko cha "dual carbon", makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse akhoza kusintha kwambiri. Zimphona zina zamafuta zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kusinthika kuchoka paopereka mafuta oyambira kukhala opereka mphamvu zatsopano, kusintha momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito zaka zana zapitazi.
Mabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi apitiliza kufulumizitsa kusintha kwadongosolo
Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi, kukweza kwa mafakitale ndi kukweza kwazinthu zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi msika wamagetsi kwalimbikitsa msika watsopano wamafakitale wapamwamba komanso kusintha kwatsopano ndi kukweza kwamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi.
Pachitsogozo chokweza mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi, mbali imodzi, ndikukweza mphamvu za biomass ndi mphamvu zatsopano; Kumbali ina, zipangizo zatsopano, zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, mankhwala amagetsi, mafilimu, zopangira zatsopano, ndi zina zotero. Motsogozedwa ndi zimphona zapadziko lonse za petrochemical giants, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mafakitalewa padziko lonse lapansi kudzayang'ana pa zipangizo zatsopano, sayansi ya moyo ndi sayansi ya chilengedwe.
Kupepuka kwa zinthu zopangira mankhwala kumabweretsa kusintha kwapadziko lonse kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Ndi kukula kwa mafuta a shale ku United States, dziko la United States lasintha kuchoka pamtengo woyamba kugulitsa mafuta osakhwima kukhala wogulitsa kunja kwamafuta osakanizidwa, zomwe sizinangobweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamapangidwe amphamvu a United States. komanso zidakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mafuta a shale aku US ndi mtundu wamafuta opepuka, ndipo kukwera kwamafuta a shale ku US kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, ku China, China ndiyomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta amafuta padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito zambiri zoyenga mafuta ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe akumangidwa amakhala okhazikikadistillation zosiyanasiyana zopangira mafuta osapsa, zomwe zimafuna osati mafuta ochepa okha komanso mafuta olemera kwambiri.

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa kupezeka ndi kufunikira, zikuyembekezeka kuti kusiyana kwamitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi pakati pa mafuta opepuka ndi olemera kwambiri kudzachepera pang'onopang'ono, kubweretsa zotsatirazi kumakampani apadziko lonse lapansi:
Choyamba, kutsika kwa arbitrage pakati pa mafuta opepuka ndi olemetsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kusiyana kwa mtengo wamafuta pakati pa mafuta opepuka ndi olemera kwambiri kwakhudza lingaliro la mtengo wamafuta arbitrage ngati njira yayikulu yamabizinesi, yomwe imathandizira kugwira ntchito kokhazikika. za msika wapadziko lonse wamafuta osasinthika.
Kachiwiri, pakuwonjezeka kwa mafuta opepuka komanso kutsika kwamitengo, akuyembekezeka kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opepuka padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa naphtha. Komabe, pansi pa kachitidwe ka chakudya chapadziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa naphtha kukuyembekezeka kuchepa, zomwe zingapangitse kuchulukira kwa kusagwirizana pakati pa kaphatikizidwe ka naphtha ndi kumwa, motero kuchepetsa chiyembekezo cha naphtha.
Chachitatu, kukula kwa kuwala mafuta kotunga kuchepetsa linanena bungwe kutsika katundu katundu ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana monga zopangira, monga onunkhira mankhwala, mafuta dizilo, mafuta coke, etc. Izi chitukuko mchitidwe komanso mogwirizana ndi kuyembekezera kuti kuwala akulimbana. feedstock ipangitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa zinthu zonunkhira, zomwe zitha kukulitsa malingaliro amsika azinthu zokhudzana nazo.
Chachinayi, kuchepetsedwa kwa kusiyana kwamitengo yamafuta pakati pa zinthu zopepuka ndi zolemetsa kumatha kukulitsa mtengo wazinthu zamabizinesi oyenga ophatikizika, motero kuchepetsa chiyembekezo cha phindu la ntchito zoyenga zophatikizika. Pansi pa izi, idzalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha mabizinesi oyenga ophatikizidwa.
Makampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi atha kulimbikitsa kuphatikizana kochulukirapo komanso kugula
Pansi pa "double carbon", "energy structure transformation" ndi "anti globalization", malo ampikisano a SMEs adzakhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo kuipa kwawo monga kukula, mtengo, ndalama, teknoloji ndi kuteteza chilengedwe zidzakhudza kwambiri. Ma SME.
Mosiyana ndi izi, zimphona zapadziko lonse lapansi za petrochemical zikuchita kuphatikiza mabizinesi ndi kukhathamiritsa. Kumbali imodzi, adzathetsa pang'onopang'ono bizinesi yachikhalidwe ya petrochemical ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kutsika mtengo komanso kuipitsa kwakukulu. Kumbali ina, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha bizinesi yapadziko lonse lapansi, zimphona zazikulu za petrochemical zidzasamalira kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi kugula. Kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kuchuluka kwa M&A ndikukonzanso ndi maziko ofunikira pakuwunika kuzungulira kwamakampani am'deralo. Zoonadi, ponena za maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, amaonabe kudzimanga ngati njira yayikulu yachitukuko ndikupeza kukula mwachangu komanso kwakukulu pofunafuna ndalama.
Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuphatikiza ndi kukonzanso kwamakampani opanga mankhwala kudzayang'ana kwambiri mayiko otukuka monga Europe ndi United States, komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe akuimiridwa ndi China atha kutenga nawo gawo pang'onopang'ono.
The sing'anga ndi yaitali njira malangizo a zimphona mankhwala akhoza anaikira kwambiri m'tsogolo
Ndi njira yotsatirira kutsatira njira zachitukuko za zimphona zapadziko lonse lapansi, koma ili ndi tanthauzo lina.
Pamiyeso yonse yomwe zidatengedwa ndi zimphona za petrochemical, ambiri aiwo adayamba kuchokera kumunda wina waukadaulo, kenako adayamba kufalikira ndikukula. Lingaliro lachitukuko lonse limakhala ndi nthawi ndi nthawi, kuphatikizika kwapang'onopang'ono kuyanjananso ... Pakalipano komanso pakapita nthawi mtsogolomo, zimphona zikhonza kukhala mu nthawi yolumikizana, ndi nthambi zambiri, mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi njira zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, BASF idzakhala njira yofunikira yachitukuko mu zokutira, zopangira, zida zogwirira ntchito ndi magawo ena, ndipo Huntsman apitiliza kupanga bizinesi yake ya polyurethane m'tsogolomu.