Vinyl acetate (IP) Ithi, monga imodzi mwazinthu zogwirira zopangidwa ndi mafakitale mdziko lapansi, zimatha kupanga zotumphukira monga polyvinyl acetate stun (PVAC), mowa wa polyacryl (poto) kudzera mwa eni ake. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, makina, makina, mankhwala, ndi makamu osintha nthaka. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa makampani otetezedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga kwa nthiti ya vinyl yawonetsa kuchuluka kwa chaka, popanga vinyl acetate akufika 1970kt mu 2018. Pakadali pano, chifukwa chazomwe zimachitika mu 2018. Pakadali pano, chifukwa chazomwe zimapangidwira zopangira ndi Njira, njira zopangira za vinyl zimaphatikizapo njira yacetylene njira ndi njira ya ethynene.
1, acetylene
Mu 1912, F. Klatian, adapezanso chinyengo cha ku Canada ndikugwiritsa ntchito acetylene ndi acetic acid chifukwa cha mlengalenga, kutentha kuyambira pakati pa 60 mpaka 100 ℃, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa Mercury. Mu 1921, kampani yaku Germany idapanga ukadaulo wa syssis ya Vinyl acetate kuchokera ku acetylene ndi acetic acid. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ofufuza mayiko osiyanasiyana amayesetsa mosalekeza njirazo ndi zochitika zina kwa kapangidwe ka vinyl zimachokera ku Acetylene. Mu 1928, kampani ya Groestst ya Germany idakhazikitsa gawo 12 kt / chizinga cha vinyl acetate, pozindikira zolimbitsa thupi zazikulu zopangira vinyl acetate. Equation yopanga vinyl acetate ndi njira ya Acetylene ili motere:
Zotsatira zazikulu:

Zotsatira zoyipa:

Njira ya Acetylene imagawidwa m'madzi am'madzi ndi njira ya mpweya.
Njira Yobwezeretsera ya Acetylene Light Njira ndi madzi, ndipo riyakitalayo ndi thanki yochitira ndi chipangizo chochititsa chidwi. Chifukwa cha zoperewera kwa njira zamadzimadzi monga kusankha kochepa komanso zambiri zopangidwa ndi zinthu, njirayi yasinthidwa ndi njira ya gasi ya acetylene Gasiti pakalipano.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana a Acetylene Kukonzekera kwa gasi, njira ya gasi ya acetylene imagawidwa mu njira yachilengedwe ya Acetylene Borden njira ya acetylene wacker.
Njira yobowolo imagwiritsa ntchito acetic ad monga adsorbent, yomwe imawongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa acetylene. Komabe, njirayi imavuta mwaukadaulo ndipo imafunikira ndalama zambiri, motero njirayi imakhala ndi mwayi kumadera olemera magesi achilengedwe.
Njira ya acetker imagwiritsa ntchito acetylene ndi acetic acid yopangidwa ndi calcium calbide ngati zida zonyamula ndi zinc. Tekinoloje njirayi ndi yosavuta ndipo imakhala ndi zoperewera zochepa, koma pali zophophonya zochepa monga kuwonongeka kosavuta kwa zinthu zothandizira, kukhazikika bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kuipitsidwa kwakukulu.
2, njira ya Ethynene
Ethylene, oxygen, ndi glaciac acetic acid ndi zinthu zitatu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizika kwa ethylene njira ya vinyl acetate. Gawo lalikulu la chothandizira ndi chinthu chachisanu ndi chitatu. Pambuyo pokonzanso, chandamale cha acetate chimapezeka. Equation yotsatirayi ili motere:
Zotsatira zazikulu:

Zotsatira zoyipa:

Njira ya ethylene yoyambirira idayambitsidwa ndi baser Corporation ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu mafakitale popanga vany acetate mu 1968. Makamaka palladium kapena golide wonyamula pa acid othandizira acid, monga silika gel okhala ndi ma rade a 4-5mm, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu. Njira ya kaphatikizidwe ka vinyl acetate pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira ya USI ndiyofanana ndi njira ziwiri, ndikugawika magawo awiri: kapangidwe kake ndi distillation. Kugwiritsa ntchito USI kukwaniritsa ntchito yopanga mafakitale mu 1969. Zigawo zogwirizira za Palladium makamaka palladium ndi platinamu, ndi othandizira a acebinate alumina. Zinthu zomwe zimachitika ndizofatsa komanso zothandizira zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, koma zokolola za nthawi zimakhala zochepa. Poyerekeza ndi njira ya Acetylene Gawo la Ethylene lomwe lasintha kwambiri ukadaulo, ndipo othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira ya ethylene adasinthasintha pantchito ndi kusankhidwa. Komabe, zomwe KINGetics ndi Deactivation Makina amafunikirabe kufufuzidwa.
Kupanga kwa ma vinyl njira yogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ethylene imagwiritsa ntchito bedi lokhazikika lodzaza riyakitala lodzala ndi chothandizira. Mafuta am'madzi amalowa pamwamba, ndipo pomwe imalumikizana ndi kama, ndipo itakumana ndi bedi yotayirira imachitika kuti ipange mawonekedwe a vinyl acetate komanso ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika, madzi opanikizika amayambitsidwa kumbali ya chipolopolo kuti ichotse kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito vaparization yamadzi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira ya Acetylene, njira ya ethylene ili ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizo chophatikizika, zotulutsa zazikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndipo mtengo wake wamalonda ndi wotsika kuposa momwe amapangira. Khalidwe labwino ndi lapamwamba, ndipo zochitika za kuwononga sizovuta. Chifukwa chake, njira ya ethylene inasinthira njira ya Acetylene pambuyo pa 1970s. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, pafupifupi 70% ya mtundu wopangidwa ndi njira ya Ethylene padziko lapansi lakhala njira yayikulu yopangira tchuthi.
Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wosiyidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi njira ya BP yodumphira ndi njira yatsamba ya khomeji. Poyerekeza ndi njira yokhazikika yokhazikika ya Ethylene, magwiridwe awa awiri awa asintha kwambiri riyakitala ndi chothandizira pachimake cha chipindacho, kukonza chuma ndi chitetezo cha unit.
Nthawi ya nyemba zayamba kupanga bedi yatsopano yolumikizirana ndi mavuto a kugawa kwa bedi losagwirizana ndi ma ethylee njira imodzi yogona. The riyakitala yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njirayi idakali pabedi yokhazikika, koma zida zapamwamba zachitika ku zida zothandizira, ndipo zida zobwezeretsa za Ethylee zidawonjezedwa mu mpweya wa mchira, kuthana ndi zolakwa za mabedi okhazikika. Zokolola za matenda a vinyl acetate ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zomwe zidali. Chothandizira chothandizira chimagwiritsa ntchito platinamu ngati chinthu chachikulu chogwira, silica gel onyamula mafuta, ndi zina zothandizira kuti pakhale malo ogwirira ntchito monga a Prasedymium ndi Newdymium. Poyerekeza ndi zopereka zachikhalidwe, kusankhidwa, kugwira ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya chothandizira kumayendetsedwa.
BP Amoco yapanga gawo la gasi lamadzimadzi, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti kudumphadumpha, ndipo wapanga bedi 250 kt / bedi la madzi muulimi, England. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti apange ma vinyl acetate amatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga ndi 30%, ndipo nthawi yokolola ya thambo (1858-2744 g / (L · TR-1) -1200 g / (LEC-1)).
Njira yodumphira imagwiritsa ntchito bedi lamadzimadzi nthawi yoyamba, yomwe ili ndi maubwino otsatirawa poyerekeza ndi bedi lokhazikika:
1) Mu bedi lamadzimadzi, chothandizira mosalekeza komanso chosakanikirana, potengera zomwe zimathandizira kusiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akweze wotsutsayo.
2) Kugona kwamadzimadzi kumatha kubwezeretsa chothandizira cholumikizirana ndi chothandizira chatsopano pogwira ntchito.
3) Kutentha kwam'madzi kwamadzimadzi kumachitika nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa choperewera chifukwa cha kuthirira kwanu, potero kumapereka moyo wa ntchito yothandizira.
4) Njira yochotsera kutentha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pad yamadzi yam'madzi. Mwanjira ina, kapangidwe kake ka riya imodzi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa makonzedwe akuluakulu a mankhwala, kukonza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chipangizocho.