Zida za thovu makamaka zikuphatikizapo polyurethane, EPS, PET ndi zipangizo za thovu labala, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, kapangidwe kake, kukana ndi chitonthozo, ndi zina zotero, zowonetsera ntchito, zophimba. mafakitale angapo monga zomangira ndi zomangamanga, mipando ndi zida zapanyumba, mafuta ndi madzi kufalitsa, zoyendera, zankhondo ndi zonyamula katundu. Chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa msika wapachaka wazinthu za thovu kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa 20%, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano pakukula kwachangu, komanso kudayambitsa chidwi chachikulu chamakampani. Foam polyurethane (PU) ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu zaku China.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wazinthu zotulutsa thovu ndi pafupifupi $93.9 biliyoni, ukukula pamlingo wa 4% -5% pachaka, ndipo akuti pofika 2026, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wazinthu zotulutsa thovu kukuyembekezeka kukula mpaka $118.9 biliyoni.

Ndikusintha kwachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kwachangu mu sayansi ndiukadaulo, komanso kukwera kosalekeza kwa gawo la thovu la mafakitale, dera la Asia-Pacific lakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika waukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi. 2020 Kupanga zinthu zamapulasitiki ku China kudafika matani 76.032 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 0.6% pachaka kuchokera pa matani 81.842 miliyoni mu 2019. kutsika mu 2019.

Pakati pawo, Chigawo cha Guangdong chili choyamba pakupanga thovu mdziko muno, ndikutulutsa matani 643,000 mu 2020; kutsatiridwa ndi Chigawo cha Zhejiang, chotulutsa matani 326,000; Chigawo cha Jiangsu chili pachitatu, ndipo chimatulutsa matani 205,000; Sichuan ndi Shandong pa nambala wachinayi ndi wachisanu motsatana, ndi linanena bungwe matani 168,000 ndi matani 140,000 motero. Kuchokera pachigawo chonse chomwe chimatulutsa thovu mdziko lonse mu 2020, Guangdong ndi 25.1%, Zhejiang ndi 12.7%, Jiangsu ndi 8.0%, Sichuan ndi 6.6% ndipo Shandong 5.4%.

Pakadali pano, Shenzhen, monga pachimake cha gulu la mzinda wa Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area komanso umodzi mwamizinda yotukuka kwambiri ku China potengera mphamvu zake zonse, yasonkhanitsa unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale m'munda waukadaulo wa thovu waku China kuchokera ku zobiriwira. zipangizo, zipangizo zopangira, mafakitale osiyanasiyana opangira zinthu, ndi misika yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito mapeto. Pankhani ya kulengeza kwapadziko lonse lapansi zachitukuko chobiriwira komanso chokhazikika komanso njira yaku China ya "carbon double", makampani opanga thovu a polima akuyenera kukumana ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo ndi ndondomeko, kukwezeleza kwa mankhwala ndi R&D, ndikusinthanso maunyolo, ndi zina zambiri. FOAM EXPO ku North America ndi Europe, okonza TARSUS Gulu, ndi mtundu wake, azichita "FOAM EXPO China" kuyambira Disembala 7-9, 2022 ku Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center (Baoan New Hall). EXPO China ”, yolumikizana ndi opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu la polima, ophatikizira thovu ndi opanga zinthu, kukugwiritsa ntchito komaliza kwaukadaulo wa thovu, kutsatira ndikutumikira chitukuko chamakampani!

Polyurethane mu gawo lalikulu la zinthu zotulutsa thovu

Foam ya polyurethane (PU) ndiye chinthu chomwe chimapanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu zotulutsa thovu ku China.

Chigawo chachikulu cha thovu la polyurethane ndi polyurethane, ndipo zopangira ndi isocyanate ndi polyol. Powonjezera zowonjezera zoyenera, zimapanga chithovu chochuluka chomwe chimapangidwa muzinthu zomwe zimapangidwira, kuti mupeze mankhwala a thovu a polyurethane. Kupyolera mu polymer polyol ndi isocyanate kuphatikiza zina zina kusintha thovu kachulukidwe, kumakoka mphamvu, abrasion kukana, elasticity ndi zizindikiro zina, kusonkhezeredwa mokwanira ndi jekeseni mu nkhungu kukulitsa unyolo mtanda unyolo anachita, zosiyanasiyana zatsopano kupanga zipangizo pakati pulasitiki ndi mphira akhoza kupangidwa.

Chithovu cha polyurethane chimagawidwa kukhala chithovu chosinthika, chithovu cholimba ndi thovu lopopera. Ma thovu osinthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga kubisala, kupaka zovala ndi kusefera, pomwe zithovu zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapanelo otenthetsera komanso kusungunula laminated m'nyumba zamalonda ndi zogona komanso (kupopera) denga la thovu.

Foam yolimba ya polyurethane nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma cell otsekedwa ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kutchinjiriza kwamafuta abwino, kulemera kopepuka komanso kupanga kosavuta.

Lilinso ndi makhalidwe a kutchinjiriza phokoso, shockproof, kutchinjiriza magetsi, kukana kutentha, kukana kuzizira, zosungunulira kukana, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza wa bokosi la firiji ndi mufiriji, kutchinjiriza zakuthupi ozizira yosungirako ndi firiji galimoto. , zomangira zomangira nyumba, thanki yosungiramo ndi mapaipi, ndipo pang'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda zotchingira, monga matabwa oyerekeza, zida zonyamula, ndi zina zambiri.

Foam yolimba ya polyurethane ingagwiritsidwe ntchito padenga ndi kutchingira khoma, kutchinjiriza kwa zitseko ndi zenera ndi kusindikiza chishango cha thovu. Komabe, kusungunula thovu la polyurethane kupitilirabe kulimbana ndi mpikisano kuchokera ku fiberglass ndi thovu la PS.

Flexible polyurethane thovu

Kufuna kwa thovu la polyurethane losinthika pang'onopang'ono kwaposa thovu lolimba la polyurethane m'zaka zaposachedwa. Flexible polyurethane thovu ndi mtundu wa thovu losinthika la polyurethane lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa elasticity, ndipo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyurethane.

Zogulitsazo zimaphatikizapo thovu lolimba kwambiri (HRF), siponji yotchinga, thovu lokhazikika pang'onopang'ono, thovu lodzipaka lokhalokha (ISF), komanso thovu lopanda mphamvu lomwe limatengera mphamvu.

Mapangidwe a thovu la polyurethane flexible thovu nthawi zambiri amakhala pore lotseguka. Nthawi zambiri, ali otsika kachulukidwe, phokoso mayamwidwe, breathability, kuteteza kutentha ndi katundu zina, makamaka ntchito ngati mipando cushioning zakuthupi, zoyendera mpando cushioning zakuthupi, zosiyanasiyana zofewa padding laminated gulu zipangizo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafakitale ndi aboma kwa thovu lofewa ngati zosefera, zida zotchinjiriza zomveka, zida zosasunthika, zokongoletsa, zomangira ndi zida zotchinjiriza matenthedwe.

Kuchulukitsa kwa polyurethane pansi pamadzi

Makampani opanga thovu a polyurethane ku China akukula mwachangu, makamaka pankhani yakukula kwa msika.

Chithovu cha polyurethane chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chosungiramo zotchingira kapena zotchingira zotchingira zida zolondola kwambiri, zida zamtengo wapatali, zaluso zamanja zapamwamba, ndi zina zambiri. Itha kupangidwanso kukhala zotengera zomangira zolimba komanso zoteteza kwambiri; itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyika zinthu zosungiramo zinthu pochita thovu pamalo.

Polyurethane okhwima thovu zimagwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza adiabatic, firiji ndi kuzizira zipangizo ndi kusungirako kuzizira, mapanelo adiabatic, kutchinjiriza khoma, kutchinjiriza chitoliro, kutchinjiriza akasinja yosungirako, limodzi-gawo thovu caulking zipangizo, etc.; thovu lofewa la polyurethane limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamipando, zofunda ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo, monga sofa ndi mipando, ma cushion akumbuyo, matiresi ndi mapilo.

Nthawi zambiri khalani ndi ntchito mu: (1) mafiriji, zotengera, zotsekera zoziziritsa kukhosi (2) maluwa oyerekeza a PU (3) kusindikiza mapepala (4) chingwe chamankhwala (5) msewu wothamanga kwambiri (zizindikiro zoteteza) (6) zokongoletsera kunyumba ( thovu zokongoletsa bolodi) (7) mipando (khushoni mpando, matiresi siponji, backrest, armrest, etc.) (8) thovu filler (9) zakuthambo, makampani magalimoto (galimoto khushoni, chiwongola dzanja chagalimoto, chiwongolero (10) zida zamasewera apamwamba kwambiri (zida zodzitetezera, alonda am'manja, olondera mapazi, zomangira za nkhonya, zipewa, ndi zina zotero) (11) zopangira PU chikopa (12) malonda a nsapato (PU soles) (13) zokutira wamba (14) zokutira zapadera zoteteza (15) zomatira, etc. (16) chapakati venous catheters (zachipatala).

Pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka ya chitukuko cha thovu la polyurethane padziko lonse lapansi chasinthanso pang'onopang'ono kupita ku China, ndipo thovu la polyurethane lakhala limodzi mwamafakitale omwe akukula mwachangu m'makampani aku China.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutukuka kwachangu kwa zotsekera m'firiji, kupulumutsa mphamvu zomanga, mafakitale amagetsi adzuwa, magalimoto, mipando ndi mafakitale ena kwakulitsa kufunikira kwa thovu la polyurethane.

Pa nthawi ya "13th Five-year Plan", kupyolera mu zaka pafupifupi 20 za chimbudzi, kuyamwa ndi kukonzanso mafakitale a polyurethane, teknoloji yopanga MDI ndi mphamvu zopanga ndi zina mwazomwe zikutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi, teknoloji yopanga polyether polyol ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga likupitilirabe bwino, zogulitsa zapamwamba zikupitilirabe, ndipo kusiyana komwe kuli ndi milingo yakunja yakunja kukupitilirabe. 2019 China Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu za polyurethane ndi pafupifupi matani 11.5 miliyoni (kuphatikiza zosungunulira), kutumizira zinthu zopangira kunja kukuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito polyurethane, msika ukukula kwambiri, ndipo makampaniwa akukulirakulira. kuyamba kulowa mu nthawi yokweza luso la chitukuko chapamwamba.

Malinga ndi kukula kwamakampaniwo, kukula kwa msika wazinthu zotulutsa thovu zamtundu wa polyurethane ndizomwe zimagawana kwambiri, msika waukulu wa matani pafupifupi 4.67 miliyoni, womwe makamaka zida zofewa za thovu la polyurethane, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 56%. Chifukwa chakukula kwa magawo amagetsi ndi zamagetsi ku China, makamaka kupititsa patsogolo mafiriji ndi ntchito zomanga, msika wazinthu zopangira thovu za polyurethane ukupitilira kukula.

Pakadali pano, makampani a polyurethane alowa gawo latsopano ndi chitukuko chotsogola komanso chobiriwira ngati mutuwo. Pakalipano, kutulutsa kwa polyurethane kumunsi kwa mtsinje monga zomangira, spandex, zikopa zopangira ndi magalimoto ku China ndizoyamba padziko lapansi. Dzikoli likulimbikitsa mwamphamvu zokutira zokhala ndi madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zatsopano zomanga chitetezo champhamvu komanso kupanga magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, zomwe zimabweretsanso mwayi waukulu wamsika wamakampani a polyurethane. Chandamale cha "carbon double" chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi China chidzalimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale opulumutsa mphamvu ndi magetsi oyera, omwe adzabweretse mwayi watsopano wa zipangizo zotetezera polyurethane, zokutira, zipangizo zopangira, zomatira, elastomers, ndi zina zotero.

Msika wa Cold chain umayendetsa kufunikira kwa thovu lolimba la polyurethane

Ofesi Yaikulu ya State Council idapereka dongosolo la "khumi ndi chinayi lazaka zisanu" zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2020, msika waku China wozizira kwambiri wamsika wa yuan wopitilira 380 biliyoni, malo ozizira osungira pafupifupi ma kiyubiki mita 180 miliyoni, firiji. umwini wamagalimoto pafupifupi 287,000, motsatana, "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri" Kutha kwa nthawi ya 2.4 nthawi, 2 nthawi ndi 2.6 nthawi.

Pazida zambiri zotchinjiriza, polyurethane imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotchinjiriza, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina, polyurethane kutchinjiriza zipangizo akhoza kupulumutsa pafupifupi 20% ya ndalama magetsi posungira lalikulu ozizira, ndipo kukula kwake msika pang'onopang'ono kukula ndi chitukuko cha ozizira unyolo Logistics makampani. Nthawi ya "14th-Year Five", pamene okhala m'matauni ndi akumidzi akupitiriza kukonzanso dongosolo lazakudya, kuthekera kwa msika waukulu kudzafulumizitsa kutulutsidwa kwa zipangizo zozizira kuti apange malo ambiri. Dongosololi likufuna kuti pofika 2025, kukhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa maukonde ozizira a unyolo, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kumanga pafupifupi 100 dziko lonse lapansi msana wozizira wazinthu zoyambira, kumanga zingapo zopanga ndi kugulitsa malo ozizira kugawa, kutsiriza koyambirira kwa atatuwa. -tier ozizira unyolo Logistics mfundo malo maukonde; pofika chaka cha 2035, kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu kwa kachitidwe kamakono kakuzizira kozizira. Izi zidzakulitsanso kufunikira kwa zida zoziziritsa kuzizira za polyurethane.

Zida za thovu za TPU zimakwera kwambiri

TPU ndiye makampani otuluka dzuwa mumsika watsopano wa zida za polima, ntchito zapansi panthaka zikupitilira kukula, kuchuluka kwamakampani kuti kupititse patsogolo luso laukadaulo ndipo ukadaulo udzapititsa patsogolo kulowetsa m'malo.

Monga TPU ali ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri thupi ndi makina, monga mphamvu mkulu, kulimba mkulu, elasticity mkulu, modulus mkulu, komanso ali kukana mankhwala, kuvala kukana, kukana mafuta, mphamvu mayamwidwe mantha ndi ntchito zina zabwino kwambiri mabuku, ntchito yabwino processing, ndi ambiri. zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za nsapato (zovala za nsapato), zingwe, mafilimu, machubu, magalimoto, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, ndizomwe zikukula mwachangu mu polyurethane elastomers. Makampani nsapato akadali ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya makampani TPU ku China, koma chiwerengero chachepetsedwa, mlandu pafupifupi 30%, chiwerengero cha filimu, chitoliro ntchito TPU pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka, awiri msika gawo la 19% ndi 15% motero. .

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ku China kutulutsa mphamvu zatsopano za TPU zatulutsidwa, kuchuluka kwa TPU koyambira mu 2018 ndi 2019 kuchulukirachulukira, 2014-2019 kupanga TPU zoweta zoweta pachaka kukula kwa 15.46%. 2019 Kampani ya TPU yaku China ikupitilizabe kukulitsa momwe zinthu ziliri, mu 2020 ku China kupanga TPU pafupifupi matani 601,000, kuwerengera gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu akupanga kwa TPU padziko lonse lapansi Kuposa.

Kupanga okwana TPU mu theka loyamba la 2021 ndi za 300,000 matani, kuwonjezeka kwa matani 40,000 kapena 11,83% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2020. Pankhani ya mphamvu, mphamvu ya kupanga TPU ya China yakula mofulumira m'zaka zisanu zapitazi, ndipo kuchuluka koyambira kwawonetsanso kukwera, ndi mphamvu yopanga TPU yaku China ikukula kuchokera pa 641,000. matani mpaka 995,000 matani kuchokera 2016-2020, ndi pawiri pachaka kukula mlingo wa 11.6%. Malinga ndi momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito 2016-2020 ku China kwa TPU elastomer kagwiritsidwe ntchito kakukula konse, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa TPU mu 2020 kudaposa matani 500,000, chaka ndi chaka chikukula kwa 12.1%. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi matani 900,000 pofika 2026, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 10% m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

Njira ina yachikopa yopangira ikuyembekezeka kupitiriza kutentha

Synthetic polyurethane leather (PU chikopa), ndi polyurethane kapangidwe ka epidermis, microfiber chikopa, khalidwe ndi bwino kuposa PVC (imadziwika kuti Western chikopa). Tsopano opanga zovala amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zoterezi kupanga zovala, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zovala zachikopa zotsanzira. PU yokhala ndi chikopa ndi gawo lachiwiri lachikopa lomwe mbali yake yakumbuyo ndi chikopa cha ng'ombe, chokutidwa ndi utomoni wa PU pamwamba, womwe umadziwikanso kuti laminated ng'ombe. Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito ndi wapamwamba. Ndi kusintha kwa ndondomeko yake imapangidwanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, monga chikopa cha ng'ombe chamitundu iwiri, chifukwa cha njira yapadera, khalidwe lokhazikika, mitundu yatsopano ndi zina, chifukwa cha zikopa zamakono zamakono, mtengo ndi kalasi. zosachepera gawo loyamba la chikopa chenicheni.

Chikopa cha PU ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazikopa zopangira; ndi PVC chikopa ngakhale muli plasticizers zoipa m'madera ena oletsedwa, koma wapamwamba kukana nyengo ndi mitengo otsika kupanga mu msika otsika akadali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu; Chikopa cha microfiber PU ngakhale chimafanana ndi chikopa, koma mitengo yake yokwera imachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu, gawo la msika pafupifupi 5%.