Kodi Cumene Process ndi chiyani?
Njira ya Cumene ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zopangira mafakitalephenol(C₆H₅OH). Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito cumene ngati zopangira kupanga phenol kudzera mu hydroxylation pansi pazikhalidwe zina. Chifukwa chaukadaulo wake wokhwima, mtengo wotsika, komanso mtundu wapamwamba wazinthu, njira ya cumene yopanga phenol imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala.
Nkhaniyi isanthula mfundo ndi masitepe a kupanga phenol ndi njira ya cumene mwatsatanetsatane, kuthandiza owerenga kumvetsetsa bwino ukadaulo wofunikira wopanga mankhwala.
Rection Mfundo ya Cumene Process
Zomwe zimachitika pakupanga phenol ndi njira ya cumene ndi hydroxylation ya cumene. Mfundo yayikulu ndikuti gulu la methyl mu molekyulu ya cumene limalowetsedwa ndi gulu la hydroxyl pansi pa acidic kuti lipange phenol.
Makamaka, cumene (C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂) imakhudzidwa ndi concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) ikatenthedwa kuti ipange p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂) ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka sulfate. Pambuyo pake, p-isopropylphenol imasinthidwa kukhala phenol (C₆H₅OH) kudzera mu hydrolysis reaction. Ma Chemical equations onse amachitidwe ndi awa:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera kuzomwe zili pamwambapa kuti chinsinsi cha ndondomeko ya cumene chili mu hydroxylation reaction pansi pa acidic ndi zotsatira za hydrolysis. Sulfuric acid imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati chothandizira panthawi yonseyi.
Njira Njira za Cumene
Njira yeniyeni yoyendetsera kupanga phenol ndi njira ya cumene imatha kugawidwa m'magawo akulu awa:
1. Kukonzekera ndi Kupanga Zinthu Zopangira
Gawo loyamba la kupanga phenol ndi ndondomeko ya cumene ndikukonzekera ndi kupanga zinthu zopangira. Cumene, zopangira zopangira izi, ziyenera kuyeretsedwa kaye ndi distillation kuti zitsimikizire kuti chiyero chake chikufikira 99%. sulfuric acid (nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 98%) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchita. Kupititsa patsogolo zomwe zimachitika, madzi pang'ono amawonjezedwa ku cumene kulimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa kwa sulfuric acid ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zomwe zimachitika.
2. Hydroxylation Reaction
Mu hydroxylation reaction stage, cumene ndi concentrated sulfuric acid zimasakanizidwa mu reactor ndikutenthedwa mpaka 100-130 ° C. Pansi pa acidic, gulu la methyl mu molekyulu ya cumene limadutsa hydroxylation kupanga p-isopropylphenol ndi sulfate by-products. Izi ndi exothermic anachita, ndi kutentha anachita ndi yogwira ntchito liwiro ayenera kulamulidwa kuonetsetsa kufanana ndi bata zimene anachita.
3. Hydrolysis Reaction
Pambuyo pakuchita kwa hydroxylation, mankhwalawa amayenera kuchitidwa ndi hydrolysis, yomwe cholinga chake ndikusintha p-isopropylphenol kukhala phenol. Panthawiyi, madzi ochulukirapo amawonjezedwa kusakaniza, kotero kuti p-isopropylphenol imakumana ndi hydrolysis reaction ndi madzi kuti apange phenol ndi methane gasi.
4. Kusalowerera ndale ndi kupatukana
Pambuyo hydrolysis anachita anamaliza, kuchuluka kwa asidi sulfuric ndi sulphate ndi mankhwala alipo mu dongosolo. Kuti achepetse zinthu za acidic izi, zinthu zamchere (monga sodium hydroxide kapena calcium hydroxide) zimawonjezedwa kuti zisawonongeke, kupanga sulphate sungunuka ndi madzi. Pambuyo pake, phenol imasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kudzera pa stratification kupatukana kapena ukadaulo wa distillation.
5. Kuyenga ndi Kuyeretsa
Zonyansa za phenol yaiwisi zimachotsedwa kudzera mu njira zoyeretsera monga distillation kuti mupeze mankhwala oyeretsa kwambiri a phenol. Panthawi yoyenga, zinthu zomwe zimafunikanso ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuonetsetsa kuti khalidwe ndi chiyero cha phenol chikugwirizana ndi mafakitale.
Ubwino ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira ya Cumene
Njira ya cumene yopanga phenol ili ndi maubwino otsatirawa:
Zomwe zimachitika pang'ono:Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira phenol, njira ya cumene imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yocheperako komanso njira yabwino yopangira.
Zopangira zambiri:Cumene atha kupezeka kuchokera ku zopangidwa ndi zoyenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zotsika mtengo.
Kuyera kwazinthu zapamwamba:Kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka ndondomeko yolondola, chiyero ndi khalidwe la phenol likhoza kufika pamlingo wapamwamba.
Pakadali pano, phenol yopangidwa ndi njira ya cumene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zama mankhwala monga ma phenolic resins, epoxy resins, ndi nayiloni, zomwe zikukula mosalekeza msika.
Chidule
Njira ya cumene yopanga phenol ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira, ndipo maziko ake ndi hydroxylation ya cumene ndi zotsatira za hydrolysis. Kupyolera mu masitepe monga kukonzekera zopangira, hydroxylation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, neutralization treatment, ndi kuyenga ndi kuyeretsa, mankhwala a phenol apamwamba amatha kupezeka.
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zamagulu padziko lonse lapansi, ukadaulo wopanga phenol ndi njira ya cumene upitilize kukonzedwa, ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira pakukula kwa mafakitale ogwirizana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2025
