Mfundo ntchito ya distillation ndime mwatsatanetsatane
Monga zida wamba komanso zofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala, mizati ya distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumafuta, mankhwala, mankhwala ndi zina. Kumvetsetsa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mizati ya distillation ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino ntchito komanso kukhathamiritsa ntchitoyo. M'nkhaniyi, tisanthula mwatsatanetsatane mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mizati ya distillation, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito yake pakulekanitsa zosakaniza.
Lingaliro loyambirira la mizati ya distillation
Chigawo cha distillation ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha kuti chilekanitse madzi osakaniza. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imachokera ku kusiyana kwa mfundo zowira za zigawo zomwe zili mu osakaniza, ndipo zigawo zosiyana zimasiyanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuchotsedwa mosiyana kupyolera mu evaporation angapo ndi condensation. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imayenera kubwerezedwa munsanja kuti ikhale yoyera.
Kapangidwe kamkati kagawo ka distillation
Kuti mumvetse bwino mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya distillation, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mkati mwake. Mizati ya distillation imapangidwa makamaka ndi thupi la nsanja, tower disc kapena kulongedza, reboiler, condenser ndi magawo ena. Thupi la nsanja ndilo gawo lalikulu la gawo la distillation, nsanja ya distill kapena kulongedza ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha kukhudzana kwamadzi am'madzi, reboiler imayang'anira kutentha kwamadzimadzi, ndipo condenser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa mpweya. Kugwirizana kwa zigawozi kumapangitsa kuti distillation ipite bwino.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mizati ya distillation
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya gawo la distillation ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotentha kuti zisungunuke ndikusungunula kusakaniza kwamadzi mumzerewu, kulekanitsa pang'onopang'ono zigawozo. Makamaka, kusakaniza kumayamba kutenthedwa mu reboiler, nthunzi imakwera ku mbale ya nsanja kapena kulongedza, ndi madzi akugwa kuti asinthe kutentha. Chifukwa cha kuwiritsa kosiyanasiyana kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, zigawo zikuluzikulu zowira zimatha kusungunuka ndi kugwa ndi madzi, pamene zigawo zochepa zowira zimapitirira kukwera. Kupyolera mu evaporation mosalekeza ndi condensation ndondomeko, zigawo zikuluzikulu mu osakaniza pang'onopang'ono analekanitsidwa.
Zofunikira zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito gawo la distillation
Ngakhale kuti mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya gawo la distillation ndi yosavuta, m'machitidwe, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimakhudza bwino kulekanitsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupanikizika, kugawa kwa kutentha, chiwerengero cha reflux ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa disc. Kupanikizika ndi kutentha mu ndime zimakhudza mwachindunji evaporation ndi condensation khalidwe la zigawo zikuluzikulu, pamene chiŵerengero cha reflux chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimazungulira pamzati. Kuchulukitsa kwa reflux nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuza kuchita bwino kwambiri kulekanitsa, koma kumawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Mapangidwe ndi makonzedwe a chigawo cha disc kapena kulongedza kumakhudzanso kukwanira kwa kukhudzana ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi ndipo motero kulekanitsa.
Distillation mizati mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mizati ya distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumitundu yonse yopanga mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, poyenga petroleum, mizati ya distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa ma hydrocarbon owala ndi olemera mumafuta amafuta. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, mizati ya distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala. Mosasamala kanthu za gawoli, kumvetsetsa momwe mizati ya distillation imagwirira ntchito ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera njira ndikuwongolera zinthu.
Chidule
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya ndime ya distillation imachokera ku kusiyana kwa mfundo zowira za zigawo za madzi osakaniza, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi evaporation angapo ndi condensation. Mapangidwe ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito gawo la distillation ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakulekanitsa ndipo chifukwa chake amayenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi zofunikira zenizeni pazogwiritsa ntchito. Kudziwa bwino ntchito ya distillation tower ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino kwa kupanga mankhwala.
Kupyolera m'mawu oyamba a pepalali, ndikukhulupirira kuti owerenga ali ndi chidziwitso chozama cha ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito ya distillation column. M'tsogolomu mchitidwe wamankhwala, ndikhulupilira kuti chidziwitsochi chingakupatseni malangizo othandiza.