M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira yaukadaulo yamakampani opanga mankhwala ku China yapita patsogolo kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zopangira mankhwala komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa mpikisano wamsika wamankhwala.Nkhaniyi makamaka ikufotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira epoxy propane.

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, kunena mosapita m'mbali, pali njira zitatu zopangira epoxy propane, zomwe ndi njira ya chlorohydrin, njira ya oxidation (njira ya Halcon), ndi njira ya hydrogen peroxide directoxidation (HPPO).Pakalipano, njira ya chlorohydrin ndi njira ya HPPO ndiyo njira zazikulu zopangira epoxy propane.

Njira ya Chlorohydrin ndi njira yopangira epoxy propane pogwiritsa ntchito propylene ndi chlorine gasi ngati zopangira kudzera munjira monga chlorohydrination, saponification, ndi distillation.Njirayi imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri za epoxy propane, koma imapanganso madzi ambiri otayira ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, womwe umakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.

Njira yopangira okosijeni ndi njira yopangira propylene oxide pogwiritsa ntchito propylene, ethylbenzene, ndi oxygen ngati zopangira.Choyamba, ethylbenzene imakhudzidwa ndi mpweya kupanga ethylbenzene peroxide.Kenako, ethylbenzene peroxide imakumana ndi cyclization reaction ndi propylene kuti ipange epoxy propane ndi phenylethanol.Njirayi imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri ndipo imapanga zinthu zambiri, choncho imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chilengedwe.

Njira ya HPPO ndi njira yowonjezeramo methanol, propylene, ndi hydrogen peroxide mu chiwerengero cha 4.2: 1.3: 1 ku riyakitala yomwe ili ndi zeolite titaniyamu silicate chothandizira (TS-1) kuti achite.Izi zimatha kusintha 98% ya hydrogen peroxide, ndi kusankha kwa epoxy propane kumatha kufika 95%.Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka propylene yemwe wachita pang'ono akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ku riyakitala kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Chofunika kwambiri, epoxy propane yopangidwa ndi njirayi ndiyo yokhayo yomwe imaloledwa kutumiza kunja ku China.

Timawerengera mitengo yamitengo kuyambira 2009 mpaka pakati pa 2023 ndikuwona kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka epichlorohydrin ndi njira za HPPO pazaka 14 zapitazi.

Njira ya Epichlorohydrin

1.Njira ya epichlorohydrin imakhala yopindulitsa nthawi zambiri.M'zaka zapitazi za 14, phindu lopanga epichlorohydrin ndi njira ya chlorohydrin linafika pamwamba kwambiri pa 8358 yuan/ton, zomwe zinachitika mu 2021. Komabe, mu 2019, panali kutaya pang'ono kwa 55 yuan / tani.

2.Kusintha kwa phindu kwa njira ya epichlorohydrin kumagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo kwa epichlorohydrin.Mtengo wa epoxy propane ukakwera, phindu lopanga njira ya epichlorohydrin limakulanso molingana.Kusasinthika kumeneku kukuwonetsa momwe zimakhudzira kusintha kwa msika ndi kufunikira kwake komanso mtengo wazinthu pamitengo yazinthu ziwirizi.Mwachitsanzo, mu 2021, chifukwa cha mliriwu, kumwa kwa polyether yofewa ya thovu kudakwera kwambiri, zomwe zidakweza mtengo wa epoxy propane, zomwe zidapangitsa mbiri yakale kwambiri pakupanga phindu la epichlorohydrin.

3.Kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya propylene ndi propylene oxide kumawonetsa kusasinthika kwanthawi yayitali, koma nthawi zambiri, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakusinthasintha kwapakati paziwirizi.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mitengo ya propylene ndi epichlorohydrin imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pomwe mitengo ya propylene imakhudza kwambiri kupanga epichlorohydrin.Chifukwa chakuti propylene ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira epichlorohydrin, kusinthasintha kwamitengo yake kudzakhudza kwambiri mtengo wopangira epichlorohydrin.

Ponseponse, phindu lopanga epichlorohydrin ku China lakhala lopindulitsa kwazaka zambiri za 14 zapitazi, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa phindu kumagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya epichlorohydrin.Mitengo ya propylene ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chikukhudza phindu lopanga epichlorohydrin ku China.

HPPO njira epoxy propane

1.Njira yaku China ya HPPO ya epoxypropane yakhala yopindulitsa nthawi zambiri, koma phindu lake nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika poyerekeza ndi njira ya chlorohydrin.Munthawi yochepa kwambiri, njira ya HPPO idatayika mu epoxy propane, ndipo nthawi zambiri, phindu lake linali lotsika kwambiri kuposa njira ya chlorohydrin.

2.Chifukwa cha kukwera kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa epoxy propane mu 2021, phindu la HPPO epoxy propane linafika pa mbiri yakale mu 2021, kufika pa 6611 yuan/ton.Komabe, padakali kusiyana kwa pafupifupi 2000 yuan/tani pakati pa kuchuluka kwa phinduli ndi njira ya chlorohydrin.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale njira ya HPPO ili ndi maubwino pazinthu zina, njira ya chlorohydrin ikadali ndi zabwino zambiri pakupindula konse.

3.Kuphatikiza apo, powerengera phindu la njira ya HPPO pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa 50% wa hydrogen peroxide, zidapezeka kuti palibe kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa mtengo wa hydrogen peroxide ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya propylene ndi propylene oxide.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti phindu la njira ya HPPO yaku China ya epoxypropane imakakamizidwa ndi mitengo ya propylene komanso kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide.Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwapafupi pakati pa kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira izi ndi zinthu zapakatikati komanso zinthu monga kupezeka kwa msika ndi kufunikira komanso mtengo wopangira, zakhudza kwambiri phindu lopanga epoxy propane pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya HPPO.

Kusintha kwa phindu la ku China kwa HPPO njira ya epoxy propane m'zaka 14 zapitazi kwawonetsa khalidwe lopindulitsa nthawi zambiri koma ndi phindu lochepa.Ngakhale ili ndi zabwino pazinthu zina, zonse, phindu lake likufunikabe kuwongolera.Pa nthawi yomweyo, phindu HPPO njira epoxy propane kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha mtengo wa zipangizo ndi mankhwala wapakatikati, makamaka propylene ndi mkulu ndende hydrogen peroxide.Chifukwa chake, opanga amayenera kuyang'anira mosamalitsa momwe msika ukuyendera ndikusintha njira zopangira kuti akwaniritse phindu labwino kwambiri.

Zotsatira za zipangizo zazikulu pamtengo wawo pansi pa njira ziwiri zopangira

1.Ngakhale kusinthasintha kwa phindu la njira ya epichlorohydrin ndi njira ya HPPO kumawonetsa kusasinthika, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukhudzidwa kwazinthu zopangira phindu lawo.Kusiyanaku kukuwonetsa kuti pali kusiyana pakuwongolera mtengo ndi kuthekera kowongolera phindu pakati pa njira ziwirizi zopangira pothana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo yamafuta.

2.Mu njira ya chlorohydrin, mtengo wa propylene ku mtengo umafika pafupifupi 67%, kuwerengera nthawi yopitilira theka la nthawi, ndikufikira 72%.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti popanga chlorohydrin, mtengo wa propylene umakhudza kwambiri kulemera.Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa propylene kumakhudza mwachindunji mtengo ndi phindu la kupanga epichlorohydrin ndi njira ya chlorohydrin.Kuwunikaku kumagwirizana ndi kusintha kwanthawi yayitali kwa phindu ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya propylene popanga epichlorohydrin ndi njira ya chlorohydrin yomwe tatchula kale.

Mosiyana ndi izi, mu njira ya HPPO, mphamvu ya propylene pamtengo wake ndi 61%, ndi zina zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri 68% ndi zotsika kwambiri pa 55%.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti pakupanga kwa HPPO, ngakhale kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa propylene ndi waukulu, siwolimba monga momwe njira ya chlorohydrin imakhudzira mtengo wake.Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa zida zina zopangira monga hydrogen peroxide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga HPPO pamitengo, potero zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya propylene pamitengo.

3.Ngati mtengo wa propylene usinthasintha ndi 10%, mtengo wa njira ya chlorohydrin upitilira njira ya HPPO.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukakumana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya propylene, mtengo wa njira ya chlorohydrin umakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo kunena kwake, njira ya HPPO ili ndi kasamalidwe kabwino ka mtengo komanso kuthekera kowongolera phindu.Izi zikuwonetsanso kusiyana kwa kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yazinthu zopangira pakati pa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira.

Pali kusasinthika kwakusintha kwa phindu pakati pa njira yaku China ya chlorohydrin ndi njira ya HPPO ya epoxy propane, koma pali kusiyana pakukhudzidwa kwazinthu zopangira phindu lawo.Polimbana ndi kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira, njira ziwiri zopangira zimawonetsa kuwongolera kosiyanasiyana komanso kuthekera kowongolera phindu.Pakati pawo, njira ya chlorohydrin imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa propylene, pomwe njira ya HPPO ili ndi kukana kwabwino.Malamulowa ali ndi malangizo ofunikira kuti mabizinesi asankhe njira zopangira ndikupanga njira zopangira.

Zotsatira za zinthu zothandizira ndi zopangira pamtengo wawo pansi pa njira ziwiri zopangira

1.Mphamvu ya chlorine yamadzimadzi pamtengo wopangira epichlorohydrin pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya chlorohydrin yangofikira 8% pazaka 14 zapitazi, ndipo imatha kuganiziridwanso kuti ilibe mtengo wake.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti chlorine yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi gawo laling'ono popanga chlorohydrin, ndipo kusinthasintha kwamitengo sikukhudza mtengo wa epichlorohydrin wopangidwa ndi chlorohydrin.

2.Mtengo wa kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide panjira ya HPPO ya epoxy propane ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa mpweya wa chlorine pazovuta za njira ya chlorohydrin.Hydrogen peroxide ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa HPPO, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake kwamitengo kumakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wa epoxy propane munjira ya HPPO, yachiwiri ndi propylene.Izi zikuwonetsa momwe hydrogen peroxide imafunikira pakupanga kwa HPPO.

3.Ngati kampaniyo ipanga yakeyake mpweya wa chlorine, mtengo wamafuta a chlorine pakupanga epichlorohydrin ukhoza kunyalanyazidwa.Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gasi wa chlorine wopangidwa ndi mankhwala, omwe amakhudza pang'ono pamtengo wopangira epichlorohydrin pogwiritsa ntchito chlorohydrin.

4.Ngati 75% ya hydrogen peroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu ya hydrogen peroxide pa njira ya HPPO ya epoxy propane idzapitirira 30%, ndipo mtengo wake udzapitirira kuwonjezeka mofulumira.Kuwona uku kumasonyeza kuti epoxy propane yopangidwa ndi njira ya HPPO sikuti imakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa propylene yamtengo wapatali, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa hydrogen peroxide.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga HPPO mpaka 75%, kuchuluka ndi mtengo wa hydrogen peroxide zimakulanso molingana.Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza msika, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa phindu lake kudzawonjezekanso, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri mtengo wake wamsika.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa zida zothandizira popanga epichlorohydrin pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya chlorohydrin ndi njira ya HPPO.Mphamvu ya chlorine yamadzimadzi pamtengo wa epichlorohydrin wopangidwa ndi njira ya chlorohydrin ndiyochepa, pomwe mphamvu ya hydrogen peroxide pamtengo wa epichlorohydrin yopangidwa ndi njira ya HPPO ndiyofunika kwambiri.Nthawi yomweyo, ngati kampani ipanga mpweya wake wa chlorine kapena imagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide mosiyanasiyana, mtengo wake umasiyananso.Malamulowa ali ndi malangizo ofunikira kuti mabizinesi asankhe njira zopangira, kupanga njira zopangira, ndikuwongolera mtengo.

Kutengera zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuchitika, ma projekiti omwe akupitilira a epoxy propane mtsogolomo apitilira kuchuluka komwe kulipo, ma projekiti ambiri atsopano akutenga njira ya HPPO ndi ethylbenzene co oxidation njira.Chodabwitsa ichi chidzachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa zipangizo monga propylene ndi hydrogen peroxide, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa epoxy propane ndi mtengo wonse wamakampani.

Malinga ndi mtengo, mabizinesi omwe ali ndi mtundu wophatikizika wamafakitale amatha kuwongolera kulemera kwazinthu zopangira, potero amachepetsa mtengo ndikuwongolera mpikisano wamsika.Chifukwa chakuti ntchito zambiri zatsopano za epoxy propane m'tsogolomu zidzatengera njira ya HPPO, kufunika kwa hydrogen peroxide kudzawonjezekanso, zomwe zidzawonjezera kulemera kwa kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa hydrogen peroxide pamtengo wa epoxy propane.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ethylbenzene co oxidation muma projekiti atsopano a epoxy propane mtsogolomo, kufunikira kwa propylene kudzawonjezekanso.Choncho, kulemera kwa zotsatira za kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa propylene pa mtengo wa epoxy propane kudzawonjezekanso.Zinthu izi zidzabweretsa zovuta komanso mwayi kumakampani a epoxy propane.

Ponseponse, chitukuko cha makampani a epoxy propane m'tsogolomu chidzakhudzidwa ndi ntchito zomwe zikuchitika komanso zipangizo.Kwa mabizinesi omwe akutenga njira za HPPO ndi ethylbenzene co oxidation, chidwi chochulukirapo chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera mtengo komanso chitukuko chophatikizana ndi mafakitale.Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zopangira, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwazinthu zopangira ndikuwongolera mtengo kuti muthe kupikisana pamsika.