M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yapititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale omwe akutukuka kumene monga ukadaulo wazidziwitso za m'badwo watsopano, kupanga zida zapamwamba, ndi mphamvu zatsopano, ndikukhazikitsa ma projekiti akuluakulu pazachuma chadziko komanso zomangamanga.Makampani opanga zida zatsopano ayenera kupereka chithandizo ndi chitsimikizo, ndipo malo otukuka amtsogolo amakampani atsopanowa ndiambiri.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mtengo wamakampani opanga zida zatsopano zaku China wakula kuchoka pa 1 thililiyoni mu 2012 kufika pa 6.8 thililiyoni mu 2022, ndikukula kwanthawi pafupifupi 6 komanso kukula kwapachaka kwa 20%.Kutulutsa kwamakampani atsopano aku China kukuyembekezeka kufika 10 thililiyoni yuan pofika 2025.

1.Chidule cha Makampani Atsopano a Zida

Zida zatsopano zimatanthawuza kuzinthu zomwe zangopangidwa kumene kapena zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zili ndi zinthu zapadera.Malinga ndi Development Guidelines for New Equipment Industry, zida zatsopano zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: zida zotsogola, zida zofunika kwambiri, ndi zida zatsopano zotsogola.Gulu lililonse limaphatikizanso magawo ang'onoang'ono azinthu zatsopano, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Gulu lazinthu zatsopano

China ikuwona kufunikira kwakukulu pakukula kwamakampani atsopano azinthu zatsopano ndipo adalemba motsatizana kuti ndi makampani apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe ikubwera.Mapulani angapo ndi ndondomeko zapangidwa kuti zilimbikitse mwamphamvu chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano, ndipo malo opangira zida zatsopano akupitiriza kukwera.Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mapu atsopano a 14th Five Year Plan:

Pambuyo pake, zigawo ndi mizinda yambiri yakhazikitsanso ndondomeko zachitukuko ndi ndondomeko zapadera zolimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano.

2.New zipangizo makampani

◾Industrial unyolo dongosolo

Kumtunda kwa unyolo watsopano wamakampani opanga zinthu kumaphatikizapo zitsulo, zida zachitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo, zida zamankhwala, zomangira, nsalu, etc. The midstream zida zatsopano zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: zida zotsogola, zida zofunika kwambiri, ndi kudula. -m'mphepete mwazinthu zatsopano.Mapulogalamu otsika akuphatikizapo mauthenga apakompyuta, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kusungirako mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, makampani opanga zida zapanyumba, zipangizo zamankhwala, ndege, makina opangira nsalu, zomangamanga ndi mafakitale a mankhwala, etc.

Mapu a New Materials Industry Chain

◾kugawa danga

Makampani opanga zida zatsopano ku China apanga njira yotukula masango, yoyang'ana kwambiri ku Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, ndi Pearl River Delta, komanso kugawa kwakukulu kwamagulu amakampani kumadera akumpoto ndi chapakati ndi chakumadzulo.

◾Mawonekedwe amakampani

Makampani opanga zida zatsopano mdziko lathu apanga njira yopikisana ya magawo atatu.Gawo loyamba limapangidwa makamaka ndi mabizinesi omwe amapereka ndalama zakunja, ndipo makampani aku America akutsogolera.Makampani aku Japan ali ndi zabwino m'magawo monga nanomatadium ndi zidziwitso zamagetsi, pomwe makampani aku Europe ali ndi maubwino odziwikiratu pamapangidwe, ma optics, ndi zida za optoelectronic.Gawo lachiwiri limapangidwa makamaka ndi mabizinesi otsogola, oimiridwa ndi makampani monga Wanhua Chemical ndi TCL Central.Ndi mfundo zabwino za dziko komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, mabizinesi otsogola aku China akuyandikira gawo loyamba pang'onopang'ono.Gawo lachitatu limapangidwa makamaka ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mpikisano wowopsa.

Mawonekedwe ampikisano amakampani opanga zida zatsopano zaku China

3.Mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi

Mabungwe opanga zida zatsopano ndi mayiko otukuka ndi madera monga United States, Japan, ndi Europe, omwe ali ndi mabungwe ambiri akumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso maubwino amphamvu pazachuma, ukadaulo wapakatikati, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, gawo la msika. , ndi zina.Pakati pawo, United States ndi dziko lotsogola kwambiri, Japan ili ndi ubwino pazinthu za nanomatadium, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ku Ulaya kuli ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu pazinthu zamapangidwe, optics, ndi optoelectronic zipangizo.China, South Korea, ndi Russia ali m'mbuyo kwambiri ndipo pakali pano ali m'gulu lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi.China ili ndi maubwino ofananirako pakuwunikira kwa semiconductor, zida za maginito osowa padziko lapansi, zida zopangira makristalo, South Korea muzowonetsera, zosungirako, ndi Russia muzamlengalenga.Malinga ndi msika wazinthu zatsopano, North America ndi Europe pakadali pano zili ndi msika waukulu kwambiri wazinthu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo msika ndiwokhwima.M'chigawo cha Asia Pacific, msika wazinthu zatsopano uli pachitukuko chachangu.

4. Zopambana zapadziko lonse lapansi zazinthu zatsopano