Mumsika waku China, njira yopangira MMA yakula mpaka pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo njira zonsezi zakhala zikutukuka.Komabe, mpikisano wa MMA umasiyana kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Pakadali pano, pali njira zitatu zopangira MMA:

Njira ya Acetone cyanohydrin (njira ya ACH): Iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri zopangira mafakitale, zokhala ndi ukadaulo wokhwima komanso kugwira ntchito kosavuta.

Njira ya ethylene carbonylation: Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yopangira yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino komanso mtundu wazinthu.

Njira ya Isobutene oxidation (njira ya C4): Iyi ndi njira yopangira yochokera ku oxidative dehydrogenation ya butene, yokhala ndi zida zopezeka mosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo.

Pamaziko a njira zitatuzi, pali njira zitatu zowongolera zopangira motere:

Njira yabwino ya ACH: Mwa kukhathamiritsa momwe zinthu zilili ndi zida, zokolola ndi mtundu wazinthu zidasinthidwa.

Njira ya Ice acetic acid: Njira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito ayezi wa acetic ngati zopangira, ndipo palibe kutayira zinyalala zitatu panthawi yopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.

Njira za BASF ndi Lucite, zomwe zimayimiridwa makamaka ndi dzina labizinesi, zasintha mwapadera zaukadaulo kutengera momwe mabizinesi awo amagwirira ntchito, zodziwika bwino komanso zopindulitsa zampikisano.

Pakadali pano, njira zisanu ndi imodzizi zopangira zonse zakwanitsa kupanga mayunitsi okhala ndi matani 10000 kapena kupitilira apo ku China.Komabe, mpikisano pakati pa njira zosiyanasiyana umasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monga makhalidwe awo ndi ndalama zawo.M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso lamakono ndi chitukuko cha msika, mpikisano wokhudzana ndi njira zopangira izi zikhoza kusintha.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti mu Seputembala 2022, gawo lowonetsera mafakitale la matani 10000 a methanol acetic acid kupita ku pulojekiti ya methyl methacrylate (MMA) yopangidwa ndi Institute of Process Engineering ya Chinese Academy of Sciences. zidayamba bwino ndikuyendetsedwa mokhazikika, ndipo zogulitsazo zidali zokhazikika.Chipangizochi ndi chida choyamba padziko lonse lapansi chopangidwa ndi methanol acetic acid kukhala chipangizo chowonetsera mafakitale cha MMA, chomwe chakwanitsa kusintha kapangidwe ka methyl methacrylate kuchokera pakudalira mafuta opangira mafuta kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zopangira malasha.

Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa malo ampikisano, malo operekera ndi kufunikira kwa zinthu za MMA zasintha, ndipo mayendedwe amitengo akuwonetsa kusinthasintha kocheperako.M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamsika wa MMA ku China wafika 14014 yuan/tani, ndipo mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 10000 yuan/ton.Pofika mu Ogasiti 2023, mtengo wamsika wa MMA watsika mpaka 11500 yuan/ton.Choyimira chachikulu choyimira pansi ndi PMMA, chomwe chawonetsa kusinthasintha kofooka kwamitengo yamsika pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa 17560 yuan/tani ndi mtengo wochepera 14625 yuan/ton.Pofika mu Ogasiti 2023, mitengo yayikulu ya msika waku China PMMA idakwera pa 14600 yuan/ton.Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa chakuti zinthu zapakhomo za PMMA zimakhala zapakati mpaka zotsika mtengo, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa zinthuzo ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa msika wogulitsa kunja.

1.Popanda kuganizira acetic acid MMA unit, ethylene MMA kupanga ndondomeko wakhala ndi mpikisano wamphamvu mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi.

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, njira yopanga ethylene yochokera ku MMA imakhala ndi mpikisano wamphamvu kwambiri pamsika waku China.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mtengo wopangira ethylene based MMA ndi wotsika kwambiri ndipo mpikisano wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.Mu 2020, mtengo wongoyerekeza wa ethylene based MMA unali 5530 yuan pa tani, pomwe pofika Januware Julayi 2023, mtengo wake unali 6088 yuan pa tani imodzi.Mosiyana ndi izi, njira ya BASF ili ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga, ndi mtengo wa MMA wokwana 10765 yuan pa toni mu 2020 komanso mtengo wapakati wa yuan 11081 pa toni kuyambira Januware mpaka Ogasiti 2023.

Poyesa kupikisana kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, tiyenera kulabadira kusiyana kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira njira ya ethylene ndi 0,35 ethylene, 0,84 methanol, ndi 0,38 kaphatikizidwe gasi, pomwe njira ya BASF ndiyo njira ya ethylene, koma ethylene yake ndi 0.429, methanol ndi 0,387, ndikugwiritsa ntchito gasi kaphatikizidwe. 662 kiyubiki mita.Kusiyanaku kumakhudza mtengo wopangira komanso kupikisana kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kutengera kuyerekeza kwamitengo yazaka zingapo zapitazi, kusanja kwa mpikisano wa MMA panjira zosiyanasiyana ndi: njira ya ethylene>Njira ya C4>njira yotsogola ya ACH>njira ya ACH>Njira ya Lucite>Njira ya BASF.Kusankhidwa uku kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kusiyana kwa uinjiniya wapagulu pakati pa njira zosiyanasiyana.

M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa teknoloji ndi chitukuko cha msika, malo opikisana nawo a njira zosiyanasiyana angasinthe.Makamaka popanda kuganizira za acetic acid MMA chipangizo, ethylene MMA akuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukhalabe mpikisano mpikisano.

2.Njira ya Acetic acid MMA ikuyembekezeka kukhala njira yopikisana kwambiri yopanga

Institute of Process Engineering ya Chinese Academy of Sciences yapanga bwino chomera choyambirira padziko lonse lapansi chopangira malasha acetic acid MMA.Chomeracho chimatenga methanol ndi asidi acetic ngati zopangira, ndipo kudzera mu njira za aldol condensation, hydrogenation, etc., amazindikira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zinthu za MMA.Njirayi imakhala ndi kupititsa patsogolo koonekeratu, osati njira yokhayo yomwe ili yochepa, komanso zopangira zimachokera ku malasha, omwe ali ndi phindu lamtengo wapatali.Kuonjezera apo, Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa mafakitale akuluakulu a matani 110000 / chaka, zomwe zidzalimbikitsanso kukweza ndi chitukuko cha makampani a MMA ku China.Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira mafuta a MMA, njira ya acetic yochokera ku MMA ndiyotetezeka komanso yopindulitsa pazachuma, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kukhala chitukuko chofunikira pamakampani amtsogolo a MMA.

3.Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamitengo yotengera kulemera kwa njira zosiyanasiyana

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamiyeso yokhudzana ndi mtengo wa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira MMA, ndipo kulemera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamitengo kumasiyana malinga ndi luso lakapangidwe.

Kwa ACH MMA, kusintha kwa mtengo wa acetone, methanol, ndi acrylonitrile kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wake.Pakati pawo, kusintha kwa mtengo wa acetone kumakhudza kwambiri ndalama, kufika pa 26%, pamene kusintha kwa mtengo wa methanol ndi acrylonitrile kumakhudza 57% ndi 18% ya ndalama, motero.Mosiyana ndi izi, mtengo wa methanol umakhala pafupifupi 7%.Chifukwa chake, pophunzira za unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa ACH MMA, chidwi chochulukirapo chiyenera kulipidwa pakusintha kwa mtengo wa acetone.

Kwa njira ya C4 MMA, isobutylene yoyera kwambiri ndiye mtengo wosinthika kwambiri, womwe umawerengera pafupifupi 58% ya mtengo wa MMA.Methanol amawerengera pafupifupi 6% ya mtengo wa MMA.Kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya isobutene kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa C4 njira ya MMA.

Kwa MMA yochokera ku ethylene, kugwiritsira ntchito kwa ethylene kumapitilira 85% ya mtengo wa MMA wa njirayi, yomwe ndizovuta kwambiri.Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ethylene yambiri imapangidwa ngati chida chothandizira chodzipangira chokha, ndipo kukhazikika kwamkati kumatengera kukhazikika kwamitengo.Chifukwa chake, mulingo wampikisano wongoyerekeza wa ethylene sungakhale wokwera ngati mpikisano weniweni.

Mwachidule, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamtengo wosiyanasiyana wa MMA kupanga, ndipo kusanthula kuyenera kuchitidwa potengera njira zamakono zamakono.

4.Ndi njira iti yopangira MMA yomwe idzakhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri mtsogolomo?

Pansi pa zamakono zamakono zamakono, mpikisano wampikisano wa MMA m'njira zosiyanasiyana m'tsogolomu udzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira zingapo zopangira MMA zimaphatikizapo MTBE, methanol, acetone, sulfuric acid, ndi ethylene.Zogulitsazi zitha kugulidwa kapena kuperekedwa mkati, pomwe gasi wopangira, zopangira zinthu ndi zida zothandizira, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen crude, ndi zina zotere sizimaperekedwa kuti zizingodzipatsira zokha ndipo mtengo wake susintha.

Pakati pawo, mtengo wa MTBE umatsata kusinthasintha kwa msika wamafuta oyengedwa, ndipo mtengo wamafuta woyengedwa umagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtengo wamafuta osapsa.Potengera momwe mitengo yamafuta ikuyendera m'tsogolomu, mitengo ya MTBE ikuyembekezekanso kuwonetsa kukwera, ndipo zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi zamphamvu kuposa mafuta osaphika.Mtengo wa methanol pamsika umasinthasintha ndi momwe mitengo yamalasha imayendera, ndipo mtsogolomu akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukwera kwambiri.Komabe, kutukuka kwa mtundu wamakina opanga mafakitale kudzetsa kukwera kwamitengo yodzigwiritsira ntchito, ndipo mtengo wa methanol pamsika ukuyembekezeka kukwera.

Malo ogulitsa ndi ofunikira pamsika wa acetone akuwonongeka, ndipo kumanga ntchito zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ACH kumalephereka, ndipo kusinthasintha kwamitengo kwanthawi yayitali kungakhale kofooka.Ethylene nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa mkati ndipo imakhala ndi mpikisano wamtengo wapatali.

Chifukwa chake, kutengera momwe ukadaulo wamakono ulili komanso kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira, pakadali kusatsimikizika kuti njira yopangira MMA idzakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri mtsogolo.Komabe, zitha kudziwikiratu kuti potengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi malasha m'tsogolomu, mitengo ya zinthu monga methanol ndi MTBE ikuyembekezekanso kukwera, zomwe zitha kukhudza kwambiri mpikisano wa MMA munjira zosiyanasiyana.Kuti apitilize kupikisana, opanga angafunike kufunafuna njira zogulitsira zopangira zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira mtima, kwinaku akulimbitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kutsogola kwa njira zopangira kuti achepetse ndalama zopangira ndikukweza mtundu wazinthu.

Chidule

Mpikisano wopambana wa njira zosiyanasiyana za MMA ku China m'tsogolomu ukuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukhala wamphamvu pa ndondomeko ya ethylene, yotsatiridwa ndi ndondomeko ya ACH yothandizira acrylonitrile unit, ndiyeno ndondomeko ya C4.Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti m'tsogolomu, mabizinesi adzapanga chitsanzo cha mafakitale, chomwe chidzakhala njira yopambana kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo zothandizira PMMA kapena mankhwala ena.

Chifukwa chomwe njira ya ethylene ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe yolimba ndi chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamphamvu kwa ethylene yake yaiwisi, yomwe imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ndalama zopangira MMA.Komabe, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ethylene yambiri imaperekedwa mkati, ndipo msinkhu wake wa mpikisano wamaganizo sungakhale wokwera kwambiri ngati mpikisano weniweni.

Njira ya ACH imakhala ndi mpikisano wamphamvu pamene ikuphatikizidwa ndi acrylonitrile unit, makamaka chifukwa chakuti isobutylene yapamwamba kwambiri imakhala yochuluka kwambiri yamtengo wapatali wa MMA, pamene njira ya ACH imatha kupanga isobutylene yoyera kwambiri ngati njira yowonongeka, motero kuchepetsa ndalama. .

Kupikisana kwa njira monga njira ya C4 ndi yofooka, makamaka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa isobutane ndi acrylonitrile, ndi gawo lochepa la isobutane mu ndalama zopangira MMA.

Ponseponse, njira yopikisana kwambiri yogwirira ntchito yamakampani a MMA mtsogolomo ikhala yamakampani opanga mabizinesi kuti azipanga mtundu wamakampani, kudzera pazogulitsa zotsika mtengo komanso kutsika komwe kumathandizira PMMA kapena mankhwala ena.Izi sizingangochepetsa ndalama zopangira ndikuwongolera kupikisana kwazinthu, komanso kukwaniritsa zofuna za msika.