MMA, yomwe imadziwika bwino kuti methyl methacrylate, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acrylic.Ndi chitukuko cha kusintha kwa makampani a PMMA, chitukuko cha makampani a MMA chabwerera m'mbuyo.Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira MMA, zomwe ndi njira ya acetone cyanohydrin (ACH njira), njira ya ethylene carbonylation ndi isobutylene oxidation njira (njira ya C4).Pakadali pano, njira ya ACH ndi njira ya C4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mabizinesi aku China, ndipo palibe gawo lopanga mafakitale la njira ya ethylene carbonylation.

Kafukufuku wathu wokhudza unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa MMA amasanthula njira zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi komanso kutsika kwamitengo ya PMMA motsatana.

Chithunzi 1 Tchati choyenda chamakampani a MMA okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana (Gwero la zithunzi: Makampani a Chemical)

Unyolo wamakampani I: ACH njira ya MMA yamtengo wapatali
Popanga njira ya ACH MMA, zopangira zazikulu ndi acetone ndi hydrocyanic acid, pomwe hydrocyanic acid imapangidwa kuchokera ku acrylonitrile, ndi methanol wothandiza, kotero makampani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito acetone, acrylonitrile ndi methanol ngati mtengo wowerengera. zikuchokera zopangira.Mwa iwo, matani 0,69 a acetone ndi matani 0,32 a acrylonitrile ndi matani 0,35 a methanol amawerengedwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi.Mu mtengo wa ACH njira ya MMA, mtengo wa acetone umakhala waukulu kwambiri, wotsatiridwa ndi hydrocyanic acid wopangidwa ndi mankhwala a acrylonitrile, ndipo methanol amawerengera gawo laling'ono kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kuyesa kwa mtengo wa acetone, methanol ndi acrylonitrile m'zaka zitatu zapitazi, zikuwoneka kuti kulumikizana kwa njira ya ACH MMA ndi acetone ndi pafupifupi 19%, ndi methanol ndi pafupifupi 57% ndipo malinga ndi acrylonitrile ndi pafupifupi 18%.Zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa izi ndi gawo la mtengo mu MMA, pomwe gawo lalikulu la acetone pamtengo wa MMA silingawonekere pakusintha kwamitengo yake pakusintha kwamitengo ya ACH njira ya MMA, pomwe kusinthasintha kwamitengo. Methanol imakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa MMA kuposa acetone.

Komabe, mtengo wa methanol ndi pafupifupi 7% yokha, ndipo mtengo wa acetone ndi pafupifupi 26%.Pophunzira za unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa MMA, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana kusintha kwa mtengo wa acetone.

Ponseponse, unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa ACH MMA makamaka umachokera ku kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa acetone ndi methanol, pomwe acetone amakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa MMA.

Unyolo wamakampani II: C4 njira ya MMA yamtengo wapatali

Kwa unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa C4 njira ya MMA, zopangira zake ndi isobutylene ndi methanol, zomwe isobutylene ndi mankhwala oyeretsedwa kwambiri a isobutylene, omwe amachokera ku MTBE kupanga ming'alu.Ndipo methanol ndi mafakitale a methanol, omwe amachokera ku kupanga malasha.

Malinga ndi mtengo wa C4 MMA, mtengo wosinthika wa isobutene unit ndi 0.82 ndipo methanol ndi 0.35.Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa aliyense muukadaulo wopanga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagulu kumachepetsedwa mpaka 0,8 mumakampani, zomwe zachepetsa mtengo wa C4 MMA pamlingo wina.Zina zonse ndi ndalama zokhazikika, monga mtengo wamadzi, magetsi ndi gasi, ndalama zandalama, ndalama zachimbudzi ndi zina.

Mu ichi, gawo la isobutylene wapamwamba kwambiri pamtengo wa MMA ndi pafupifupi 58%, ndipo gawo la methanol pamtengo wa MMA ndi pafupifupi 6%.Zitha kuwoneka kuti isobutene ndi mtengo waukulu wosinthika mu C4 MMA, kumene kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa isobutene kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa C4 MMA.

Kusintha kwa mtengo wa isobutene kumachokera ku kusinthasintha kwamitengo kwa MTBE, komwe kumawononga mayunitsi 1.57 ndipo kumapanga ndalama zoposa 80% za mtengo wa isobutene.Mtengo wa MTBE nayenso umachokera ku methanol ndi pre-ether C4, komwe kupangidwa kwa pre-ether C4 kungalumikizidwe ndi chakudya chamagulu amtengo wapatali.

Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu kwa isobutene kumatha kupangidwa ndi tert-butanol kutaya madzi m'thupi, ndipo mabizinesi ena adzagwiritsa ntchito tert-butanol monga maziko a kuwerengera mtengo wa MMA, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake tert-butanol ndi 1.52.Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa tert-butanol 6200 yuan/ton, tert-butanol imatenga pafupifupi 70% ya mtengo wa MMA, womwe ndi wokulirapo kuposa isobutene.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mgwirizano wamtengo wa tert-butanol ukugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa C4 njira ya MMA, mphamvu ya tert-butanol ndi yaikulu kuposa isobutene.

Pomaliza, mu C4 MMA, kulemera kwa kusinthasintha kwa mtengo kumayikidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka kutsika: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, mafuta amafuta.

Makampani III: Ethylene carbonylation MMA value chain

Palibe nkhani yopanga mafakitale ya MMA yopangidwa ndi ethylene carbonylation ku China, chifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwa mtengo sikungaganizidwe ndi kupanga kwenikweni kwa mafakitale.Komabe, malinga ndi unit mowa ethylene mu ethylene carbonylation, ethylene ndi waukulu mtengo zimakhudza pa MMA mtengo zikuchokera ndondomeko imeneyi, amene ndi oposa 85%.

 
Makampani IV: PMMA value chain

PMMA, monga chinthu chachikulu chakutsika kwa MMA, imawerengera zoposa 70% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ndi MMA.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa machulukidwe a PMMA, momwe kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MMA ndi 0.93, MMA imawerengedwa molingana ndi 13,400 yuan/tani ndipo PMMA imawerengedwa molingana ndi 15,800 yuan/ton, mtengo wosinthika wa MMA mu akaunti ya PMMA pafupifupi 79%, omwe ndi okwera kwambiri.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa MMA kumakhudza kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa PMMA, komwe kumagwirizanitsa kwambiri.Malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwa kusinthasintha kwamitengo pakati pa awiriwa m'zaka zitatu zapitazi, mgwirizano pakati pa awiriwa ndi woposa 82%, womwe uli ndi chikoka cha mgwirizano wamphamvu.Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwamitengo kwa MMA kudzapangitsa kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya PMMA mbali imodzi ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.