Nkhaniyi isanthula zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamakampani aku China C3 komanso momwe kafufuzidwe ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo chikugwirira ntchito.

(1)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Mayendedwe Amakono a Polypropylene (PP) Technology

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wathu, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira polypropylene (PP) ku China, zomwe njira zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo ndondomeko ya chitoliro cha chilengedwe, ndondomeko ya Unipol ya Daoju Company, ndondomeko ya Spheriol ya LyondellBasell Company, Innovene ndondomeko ya Ineos Company, ndondomeko ya Novolen. ya Nordic Chemical Company, ndi Spherizone process ya LyondellBasell Company.Njirazi zimatengedwanso kwambiri ndi mabizinesi aku China PP.Matekinolojewa nthawi zambiri amawongolera kutembenuka kwa propylene mkati mwa 1.01-1.02.

Zoweta mphete chitoliro utenga paokha anayamba ZN chothandizira, panopa akulamulidwa ndi m'badwo wachiwiri mphete chitoliro luso luso.Ndondomekoyi imachokera ku zopangira zodziyimira pawokha, luso la asymmetric elekitironi donor, ndi ukadaulo wa propylene butadiene bayinare mwachisawawa copolymerization, ndipo zimatha kutulutsa homopolymerization, ethylene propylene mwachisawawa copolymerization, propylene butadiene mwachisawawa copolymerization, ndi zotsatira zosagwira copolymerization PP.Mwachitsanzo, makampani monga Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, Zhenhai Refining ndi Chemical First and Second Lines, ndi Maoming Second Line onse adagwiritsa ntchito njirayi.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa malo atsopano opangira mtsogolo, ndondomeko ya chitoliro cha chilengedwe cha m'badwo wachitatu ikuyembekezeka kukhala njira yayikulu kwambiri yapanyumba.

The Unipol ndondomeko akhoza m'mafakitale kupanga homopolymers, ndi kusungunuka mlingo (MFR) osiyanasiyana 0.5 ~ 100g/10min.Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu la ethylene copolymer monomers mu copolymers mwachisawawa limatha kufika 5.5%.Njirayi imathanso kupanga copolymer yopangidwa mwachisawawa ya propylene ndi 1-butene (dzina lazamalonda CE-FOR), yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu la mphira mpaka 14%.Gawo lalikulu la ethylene mu copolymer yamphamvu yopangidwa ndi njira ya Unipol imatha kufika 21% (gawo lalikulu la mphira ndi 35%).Njirayi yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabizinesi monga Fushun Petrochemical ndi Sichuan Petrochemical.

Njira ya Innovene imatha kupanga mankhwala a homopolymer okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwamadzi (MFR), komwe kumatha kufika 0.5-100g / 10min.Kulimba kwake kwazinthu ndikwapamwamba kuposa njira zina zamagasi a polymerization.MFR ya zinthu zopangidwa mwachisawawa za copolymer ndi 2-35g / 10min, ndi gawo lalikulu la ethylene kuyambira 7% mpaka 8%.MFR ya zinthu zosagwirizana ndi copolymer ndi 1-35g/10min, ndi gawo lalikulu la ethylene kuyambira 5% mpaka 17%.

Pakalipano, teknoloji yopangira PP ku China ndi yokhwima kwambiri.Kutenga mabizinesi opangidwa ndi mafuta a polypropylene mwachitsanzo, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito gawo lopanga, ndalama zolipirira, phindu, ndi zina zambiri pakati pa bizinesi iliyonse.Kuchokera pamalingaliro amagulu opanga omwe amapangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, njira zazikuluzikulu zimatha kukhudza gulu lonse lazinthu.Komabe, poganizira magawo enieni amakampani omwe alipo, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwazinthu za PP pakati pamabizinesi osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu monga geography, zotchinga zaukadaulo, ndi zida.

(2)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za Acrylic Acid Technology

Acrylic acid ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chamankhwala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zomatira ndi zokutira zosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kukhala butyl acrylate ndi zinthu zina.Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira acrylic acid, kuphatikizapo njira ya chloroethanol, njira ya cyanoethanol, njira ya Reppe yapamwamba kwambiri, njira ya enone, njira yowonjezereka ya Reppe, njira ya formaldehyde ethanol, njira ya acrylonitrile hydrolysis, njira ya ethylene, njira ya propylene oxidation, ndi biologically. njira.Ngakhale pali njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera za acrylic acid, ndipo zambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani, njira zopangira zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi zikadali makutidwe ndi okosijeni achindunji a propylene kupita ku acrylic acid process.

Zida zopangira acrylic acid kudzera mu propylene oxidation makamaka zimaphatikizapo nthunzi wamadzi, mpweya, ndi propylene.Panthawi yopanga, atatuwa amakumana ndi ma oxidation kudzera pa bedi lothandizira mu gawo linalake.Propylene ndi choyamba oxidized kuti acrolein woyamba riyakitala, ndiyeno zina oxidized kuti akiliriki asidi wachiwiri riyakitala.Nthunzi yamadzi imagwira ntchito yochepetsera munjira iyi, kupewa kuphulika komanso kupondereza m'badwo wa zochitika zam'mbali.Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kupanga acrylic acid, kachitidwe kameneka kameneka kamapanganso acetic acid ndi carbon oxides chifukwa cha machitidwe a mbali.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Pingtou Ge, chinsinsi chaukadaulo wa acrylic acid oxidation process chagona pakusankha zopangira.Pakalipano, makampani omwe angapereke luso la acrylic acid kudzera mu propylene oxidation akuphatikizapo Sohio ku United States, Japan Catalyst Chemical Company, Mitsubishi Chemical Company ku Japan, BASF ku Germany, ndi Japan Chemical Technology.

Dongosolo la Sohio ku United States ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira acrylic acid kudzera mu propylene oxidation, yomwe imadziwika ndikuyambitsa propylene, mpweya, ndi nthunzi yamadzi nthawi imodzi mumagulu awiri olumikizana ndi zida zolumikizira bedi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za Mo Bi ndi Mo-V. oxides monga chothandizira, motero.Pansi pa njirayi, zokolola za njira imodzi za acrylic acid zimatha kufika pafupifupi 80% (chiŵerengero cha molar).Ubwino wa njira ya Sohio ndikuti ma reactor awiri angapo amatha kuwonjezera moyo wa chothandizira, mpaka zaka ziwiri.Komabe, njirayi ili ndi vuto loti propylene yosagwiritsidwa ntchito siyingabwezeretsedwe.

Njira ya BASF: Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, BASF yakhala ikuchita kafukufuku pakupanga acrylic acid kudzera mu propylene oxidation.Njira ya BASF imagwiritsa ntchito zida za Mo Bi kapena Mo Co potengera propylene oxidation reaction, ndipo zokolola zanjira imodzi za acrolein zomwe zimapezeka zimatha kufika pafupifupi 80% (molar ratio).Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsa ntchito zopangira za Mo, W, V, ndi Fe, acrolein idawonjezeredwa ku acrylic acid, ndi zokolola zanjira imodzi pafupifupi 90% (chiwerengero cha molar).Moyo wothandizira wa njira ya BASF ukhoza kufika zaka 4 ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta.Komabe, njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake monga kuwira kwa zosungunulira, kuyeretsa zida pafupipafupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Njira zothandizira ku Japan: Ma reactor awiri osasunthika motsatizana ndi njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zofananira zolekanitsa nsanja amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.Gawo loyamba ndi kulowa nawo gawo la Co mu chothandizira cha Mo Bi monga chothandizira, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito Mo, V, ndi Cu composite metal oxides monga chothandizira chachikulu mu riyakitala yachiwiri, mothandizidwa ndi silika ndi monoxide lead.Pansi pa njirayi, zokolola za njira imodzi ya acrylic acid ndi pafupifupi 83-86% (chiŵerengero cha molar).Njira zothandizira ku Japan zimagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira bedi chokhazikika chokhazikika komanso makina olekanitsa ansanja 7, okhala ndi zothandizira zapamwamba, zokolola zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.Njirayi pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsogola kwambiri zopangira, molingana ndi njira ya Mitsubishi ku Japan.

(3)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Kachitidwe Kakulidwe ka Butyl Acrylate Technology

Butyl acrylate ndi madzi owonekera opanda mtundu omwe sasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amatha kusakanikirana ndi ethanol ndi ether.Zosakanizazi ziyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo mpweya yozizira komanso mpweya wabwino.Acrylic acid ndi esters ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani.Iwo si ntchito kupanga monomers zofewa za acrylate zosungunulira zochokera ndi zomatira odzola zochokera, komanso akhoza kukhala homopolymerized, copolymerized ndi kumezanitsa copolymerized kukhala polima monomers ndi ntchito monga organic synthesis intermediates.

Pakalipano, kupanga butyl acrylate makamaka kumakhudza momwe acrylic acid ndi butanol pamaso pa toluene sulfonic acid kupanga butyl acrylate ndi madzi.Ma esterification omwe amakhudzidwa ndi njirayi ndi momwe angasinthire, ndipo malo otentha a acrylic acid ndi mankhwala a butyl acrylate ali pafupi kwambiri.Choncho, n'zovuta kupatutsa asidi akriliki pogwiritsa ntchito distillation, ndipo asidi acrylic wosakhudzidwa sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso.

Njirayi imatchedwa njira ya butyl acrylate esterification, makamaka kuchokera ku Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute ndi mabungwe ena okhudzana nawo.Ukadaulo uwu ndiwokhwima kale, ndipo kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe kagawo ka acrylic acid ndi n-butanol ndikolondola kwambiri, komwe kumatha kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi mkati mwa 0,6.Komanso, luso limeneli kale akwaniritsa mgwirizano ndi kusamutsa.

(4)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za CPP Technology

Kanema wa CPP amapangidwa kuchokera ku polypropylene ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira kudzera munjira zinazake zopangira monga T-shepe die extrusion casting.Kanemayu ali ndi kukana kwambiri kutentha ndipo, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwake kofulumira, amatha kupanga kusalala bwino komanso kuwonekera.Chifukwa chake, pakuyika mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kumveka bwino, filimu ya CPP ndiye zinthu zomwe amakonda.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri filimu ya CPP ndikuyika chakudya, komanso kupanga zokutira za aluminiyamu, kuyika mankhwala, ndikusunga zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Pakalipano, kupanga mafilimu a CPP makamaka ndi co extrusion casting.Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi ma extruder angapo, ogawa ma channel angapo (omwe amadziwika kuti "feeders"), mitu yakufa yooneka ngati T, makina oponyera, makina okokera, oscillator, ndi makina omangira.Makhalidwe akuluakulu a kachitidwe kameneka ndi kung'anima kwapamwamba, kutsika kwakukulu, kulolerana kwa makulidwe ang'onoang'ono, ntchito yabwino yowonjezera makina, kusinthasintha kwabwino, komanso kuwonekera bwino kwa mafilimu opangidwa ndi filimu woonda.Ambiri opanga CPP padziko lonse amagwiritsa co extrusion kuponyera njira kupanga, ndipo zipangizo zamakono ndi okhwima.

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, China yayamba kuyambitsa zida zopangira mafilimu akunja, koma ambiri mwa iwo ndi osanjikiza amodzi ndipo ndi a gawo loyamba.Pambuyo polowa m'zaka za m'ma 1990, China idayambitsa mizere yopangira mafilimu amitundu yambiri ya polymer kuchokera kumayiko monga Germany, Japan, Italy, ndi Austria.Zida ndi matekinoloje otumizidwa kunjawa ndizomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makampani opanga mafilimu aku China.Ogulitsa zida zazikulu akuphatikiza Bruckner waku Germany, Bartenfield, Leifenhauer, ndi Orchid waku Austria.Kuyambira 2000, China yakhazikitsa mizere yopangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zida zopangidwa m'nyumba zakhala zikukula mwachangu.

Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mlingo mayiko apamwamba, padakali kusiyana zina mu mlingo zochita zokha, masekeli ulamuliro extrusion dongosolo, basi kufa mutu kusintha ulamuliro filimu makulidwe, Intaneti m'mphepete zinthu kuchira dongosolo, ndi basi mafelemu a zipangizo zoweta kuponyera filimu.Pakadali pano, ogulitsa zida zazikulu zaukadaulo wamakanema a CPP akuphatikizapo Bruckner waku Germany, Leifenhauser, ndi Lanzin waku Austria, pakati pa ena.Otsatsa akunja awa ali ndi maubwino akulu pankhani ya automation ndi zina.Komabe, ndondomeko yamakono yayamba kale kukhwima, ndipo kuthamanga kwa zipangizo zamakono kumachedwa, ndipo palibe malire a mgwirizano.

(5)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za Acrylonitrile Technology

Tekinoloje ya Propylene ammonia oxidation pakali pano ndiyo njira yayikulu yopangira malonda acrylonitrile, ndipo pafupifupi onse opanga ma acrylonitrile akugwiritsa ntchito zida za BP (SOHIO).Komabe, palinso ena ambiri othandizira othandizira omwe mungasankhe, monga Mitsubishi Rayon (omwe kale anali Nitto) ndi Asahi Kasei ochokera ku Japan, Ascend Performance Material (omwe kale anali Solutia) ochokera ku United States, ndi Sinopec.

Zoposa 95% za zomera za acrylonitrile padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya propylene ammonia oxidation (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sohio process) yomwe inayambitsa upainiya ndikupangidwa ndi BP.Tekinoloje iyi imagwiritsa ntchito propylene, ammonia, mpweya, ndi madzi ngati zida zopangira, ndipo imalowa mu reactor mugawo linalake.Pansi pa phosphorous molybdenum bismuth kapena antimoni chitsulo chothandizira chothandizira pa silika gel osakaniza, acrylonitrile amapangidwa pa kutentha kwa 400-500.℃ndi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga.Ndiye, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa neutralization, kuyamwa, kuchotsa, dehydrocyanation, ndi masitepe a distillation, chomaliza cha acrylonitrile chimapezeka.Zokolola zanjira imodzi za njirayi zimatha kufika 75%, ndipo zotsalira zimaphatikizapo acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, ndi ammonium sulfate.Njirayi ili ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga mafakitale.

Kuyambira 1984, Sinopec yasaina pangano la nthawi yayitali ndi INEOS ndipo yaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa INEOS wa acrylonitrile ku China.Pambuyo pa zaka zachitukuko, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute yakwanitsa kupanga njira yaukadaulo ya propylene ammonia oxidation kuti ipange acrylonitrile, ndikumanga gawo lachiwiri la projekiti ya Sinopec Anqing Branch ya 130000 ton acrylonitrile.Ntchitoyi idayikidwa bwino mu Januwale 2014, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopanga pachaka ya acrylonitrile kuchokera ku matani 80000 mpaka matani 210000, kukhala gawo lofunikira la Sinopec's acrylonitrile base base.

Pakadali pano, makampani padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi ma patent aukadaulo wa propylene ammonia oxidation akuphatikizapo BP, DuPont, Ineos, Asahi Chemical, ndi Sinopec.Njira yopanga izi ndi yokhwima komanso yosavuta kupeza, ndipo China yakwaniritsanso luso lamakono, ndipo machitidwe ake sali otsika poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje akunja.

(6)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za ABS Technology

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, njira njira ABS chipangizo makamaka anawagawa mu lotion Ankalumikiza njira ndi mosalekeza chochuluka njira.Utoto wa ABS unapangidwa kutengera kusinthidwa kwa utomoni wa polystyrene.Mu 1947, kampani ya mphira ya ku America inatengera njira yosakanikirana kuti ikwaniritse kupanga mafakitale a ABS resin;Mu 1954, kampani ya BORG-WAMER ku United States inapanga mafuta odzola opangidwa ndi polymerized ABS resin ndikuzindikira kupanga mafakitale.Maonekedwe a lotion grafting adalimbikitsa kukula kwachangu kwamakampani a ABS.Kuyambira m'ma 1970, ukadaulo wopanga wa ABS walowa m'nthawi yachitukuko chachikulu.

Njira yophatikizira mafuta odzola ndi njira yotsogola yopanga, yomwe imaphatikizapo njira zinayi: kaphatikizidwe ka butadiene latex, kaphatikizidwe ka polima, kaphatikizidwe ka ma polima a styrene ndi acrylonitrile, ndi kuphatikiza pambuyo pochiritsa.Mayendedwe ake enieni amaphatikizapo gawo la PBL, gawo lolumikizira, gawo la SAN, ndi gawo lophatikiza.Njira yopangirayi ili ndi kukhwima kwaukadaulo wapamwamba ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Pakali pano, luso la ABS lokhwima limachokera ku makampani monga LG ku South Korea, JSR ku Japan, Dow ku United States, New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. ku South Korea, ndi Kellogg Technology ku United States, onse a omwe ali ndi mulingo wotsogola wapadziko lonse wakukula kwaukadaulo.Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo, kupanga kwa ABS nakonso kumapita patsogolo ndikuwongolera.M'tsogolomu, njira zopangira zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino, zachilengedwe, komanso zopulumutsa mphamvu zingawonekere, zomwe zimabweretsa mipata yambiri ndi zovuta pa chitukuko cha makampani opanga mankhwala.

(7)Mkhalidwe waukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha n-butanol

Malinga ndi zomwe tawona, ukadaulo wodziwika bwino pakuphatikizika kwa butanol ndi octanol padziko lonse lapansi ndi njira yamadzimadzi yozungulira yotsika ya carbonyl synthesis.Zida zazikulu zopangira izi ndi propylene ndi gasi wa synthesis.Pakati pawo, propylene makamaka imachokera ku integrated self supply, yokhala ndi ma unit a propylene pakati pa 0.6 ndi 0.62 matani.Mpweya wopangidwa nthawi zambiri umakonzedwa kuchokera ku gasi wotulutsa kapena malasha opangidwa ndi malasha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa 700 ndi 720 cubic metres.

Ukadaulo wocheperako wa carbonyl synthesis wopangidwa ndi Dow / David - njira yozungulira yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi zabwino monga kutembenuka kwapamwamba kwa propylene, moyo wautali wothandizira, komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala zitatu.Njirayi pakadali pano ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabizinesi aku China butanol ndi octanol.

Poganizira kuti ukadaulo wa Dow/David ndi wokhwima ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mogwirizana ndi mabizinesi apakhomo, mabizinesi ambiri amaika patsogolo lusoli posankha kuyika ndalama pomanga mayunitsi a butanol octanol, kutsatiridwa ndi ukadaulo wapakhomo.

(8)Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zochitika Zachitukuko za Polyacrylonitrile Technology

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) imapezeka kudzera mu polymerization yaulere ya acrylonitrile ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri pakatikati pokonzekera ulusi wa acrylonitrile (acrylic fibers) ndi polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers.Imawonekera mu mawonekedwe oyera kapena achikasu pang'ono opaque, ndi kutentha kwa galasi pafupifupi 90℃.Itha kusungunuka mu zosungunulira za polar organic monga dimethylformamide (DMF) ndi dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), komanso munjira zamadzimadzi za mchere wachilengedwe monga thiocyanate ndi perchlorate.Kukonzekera kwa polyacrylonitrile makamaka kumafuna njira polymerization kapena amadzimadzi mpweya polymerization wa acrylonitrile (AN) ndi sanali ionic monomers wachiwiri ndi ionic wachitatu monomers.

Polyacrylonitrile imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ulusi wa acrylic, womwe ndi ulusi wopangidwa kuchokera ku ma acrylonitrile copolymers okhala ndi maperesenti oposa 85%.Malinga ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, amatha kusiyanitsa ndi dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), ndi dimethyl formamide (DMF).Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa zosungunulira zosiyanasiyana ndi kusungunuka kwawo mu polyacrylonitrile, yomwe ilibe mphamvu yaikulu pa ndondomeko ya kupanga polymerization.Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ma comonomers osiyanasiyana, amatha kugawidwa kukhala itaconic acid (IA), methyl acrylate (MA), acrylamide (AM), ndi methyl methacrylate (MMA), ndi zina zambiri. mankhwala katundu wa polymerization zimachitikira.

Njira yophatikizira imatha kukhala gawo limodzi kapena magawo awiri.Njira imodzi imatanthawuza polymerization ya acrylonitrile ndi comonomers mu njira yothetsera nthawi imodzi, ndipo mankhwalawo akhoza kukonzedwa mwachindunji mu njira yopota popanda kupatukana.Lamulo la masitepe awiri limatanthawuza kuyimitsidwa kwa polymerization ya acrylonitrile ndi ma comonomers m'madzi kuti apeze polima, yomwe imalekanitsidwa, kutsukidwa, kutaya madzi m'thupi, ndi masitepe ena kuti apange njira yopota.Pakalipano, njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga polyacrylonitrile ndi yofanana, ndi kusiyana kwa njira zapansi za polymerization ndi co monomers.Pakalipano, ulusi wambiri wa polyacrylonitrile m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi umapangidwa kuchokera ku ternary copolymers, ndi acrylonitrile yowerengera 90% ndi kuwonjezera kwa monomer yachiwiri kuyambira 5% mpaka 8%.Cholinga chowonjezera monomer yachiwiri ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamakina, kukhazikika, komanso mawonekedwe a ulusi, komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yodaya.Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zikuphatikizapo MMA, MA, vinilu acetate, etc. Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa monoma yachitatu ndi 0.3% -2%, ndi cholinga chodziwitsa magulu amtundu wa hydrophilic kuti awonjezere kuyanjana kwa ulusi ndi utoto, womwe ndi adagawidwa m'magulu a utoto wa cationic ndi magulu a utoto wa acidic.

Pakalipano, Japan ndi woimira wamkulu wa ndondomeko yapadziko lonse ya polyacrylonitrile, ndikutsatiridwa ndi mayiko monga Germany ndi United States.Mabizinesi oyimira ndi Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec ndi Aldila ochokera ku Japan, Dongbang, Mitsubishi ndi United States, SGL yaku Germany ndi Formosa Plastics Group yaku Taiwan, China, China.Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanga polyacrylonitrile ndi wokhwima, ndipo palibe malo ambiri opangira zinthu.