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Dzina lazogulitsa:Polyirethane

Zosankha Zogulitsa:

Mankhwala:

Ma polyirethanes adapangidwa koyamba ndikufufuzidwa ndi Dr. Otto Bayar mu 1937. Polyirethane ndi polymer pomwe gawo lomwe limakhala ndi uretanet. Urethanes ndi zotumphukira za ma carbamic acid omwe amangokhala ngati mawonekedwe a esters. Ubwino waukulu wa pu ndikuti unyolo sunapangidwe ka ma atomu a kaboni koma m'malo mwake, mpweya ndi nayitrogeni [4]. Kwa mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale, polyhydroxyl amapanga. Mofananamo, mankhwala a nayitrogen ogwirira ntchito amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana. Mwa kusintha ndikusintha ma polyhydroxyl ndi polypununal mankhwala a nayitrogen, mafinya osiyanasiyana amatha kuphatikizidwa [15]. Polyesterte kapena polyther assure omwe ali ndi magulu a hydroxyl amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga polyesterror Polyteter-PU, motero [6]. Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zolowa m'malo ndi kukwera pakati ndi kumapangidwe a nthambi kumatulutsa mafinya kuchokera ku mzere mpaka nthambi komanso yolimba. Mafinya a mzere amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi ndikuwumba [6]. Mapulogalamu osinthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga othandizira ndikukuphikira [5]. Zosinthika ndi zolimba zopukutira za pulasitiki, zomwe zimapangitsa mafinya ambiri omwe amapanga, imatha kupezeka m'makampani osiyanasiyana pa mafakitale [7]. Pogwiritsa ntchito minyewa yotsika maselo, opumira osiyanasiyana a chitukuko amatha kupangidwa. Gulu la hydroxyl la hydroxyl limalola kusintha mabatani, otchedwa magawo, kuti aikidwe mu unyolo. Kusintha m'magawo awa kumapangitsa kuti madigiri amphamvu ndi kuchuluka. Mabatani omwe amapereka gawo lokhwima la Rigid ndikukhala ndi wolemba unyolo amatchulidwa kuti ndi magawo 7]. Iwo omwe amapereka gawo la amorphous rubery ndi okhala ndi polyester / Polyther amatchedwa magawo ofewa. Pamalonda, izi tsekani ma polima amadziwika kuti mafinya ophatikizika

Ntchito:

Ma polsurethanes ndi amodzi mwa zinthu zovomerezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano. Amagwiritsa ntchito zawo zambiri kuchokera ku chithovu chosasinthika mu mipando yokhazikika, madenga okhwima m'makoma a polmoplactoc polyirethane omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyandama ndi ma 200,18]. Ma Polyirethanes agwiritsidwa ntchito zaka makumi atatu zapitazi pamabungwe osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha chitonthozo chawo, amasunga ndalama, kusungitsa mphamvu kwa chilengedwe komanso kumveka kwachilengedwe komanso kumveka kwachilengedwe. Kodi ndi ziti mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa polyirethasthanes zofunika kwambiri? Kukhazikika kwa polyirethane kumathandizira kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali ya zinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa ntchito yopanga zinthu moyo wazomera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kumaganizo mwachilengedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amakomera kusankha kwa polsurethanes [19-21]. Polyirethanes (mafinya) amayimira kalasi yofunika ya thermoplastic ndi thermonkhot ma polima monga makina awo, zamafuta, ndi mankhwala amatha kukhala ogwirizana ndi zomwe ma polyols osiyanasiyana.