Acetonendi madzi opanda mtundu, osasunthika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Ndi mtundu wa thupi la ketone lomwe lili ndi formula ya C3H6O.Acetone ndi chinthu choyaka moto ndi mfundo yowira ya 56.11°C ndi malo osungunuka -94.99°C. Lili ndi fungo lopweteka kwambiri ndipo limasinthasintha kwambiri.Amasungunuka m'madzi, ether, ndi mowa, koma osati m'madzi.Ndizinthu zothandiza pamakampani opanga mankhwala, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira, zotsukira, ndi zina.

Kodi zinthu za acetone ndi ziti?Ngakhale kuti acetone ndi mankhwala enieni, kupanga kwake kumaphatikizapo machitidwe ambiri.Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma acetone amapangidwira pakupanga kwake.

Choyamba, ndi njira ziti zopangira acetone?Pali njira zambiri zopangira acetone, zomwe zofala kwambiri ndi makutidwe a propylene.Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati okosijeni, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira choyenera kutembenuza propylene kukhala acetone ndi hydrogen peroxide.Ma reaction equation ndi awa:

CH3CH=CH2 + 3/2O2→CH3COCH3 + H2O2

Chothandizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi nthawi zambiri chimakhala oxide ya titanium dioxide yomwe imathandizidwa pa chonyamulira cha inert monga.γ-Al2O3.Chothandizira chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino komanso kusankha kwa kutembenuka kwa propylene kukhala acetone.Komanso, njira zina monga kupanga acetone ndi dehydrogenation wa isopropanol, kupanga acetone ndi hydrolysis wa acrolein, etc.

Ndiye ndi mankhwala ati omwe amapanga acetone?Popanga acetone, propylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, ndipo mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati okosijeni.Chothandizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi nthawi zambiri chimakhala titaniyamu woipa wothandizidwaγ-Al2O3.Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mupeze acetone yoyera kwambiri, mutachitapo kanthu, masitepe olekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa monga distillation ndi kuwongolera nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuti achotse zonyansa zina muzochita.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mupeze acetone yoyera kwambiri, masitepe olekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa monga distillation ndi kuwongolera nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuti achotse zonyansa zina zomwe zimachitika.Kuonjezera apo, pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu, njira zochiritsira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa popanga kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi mpweya.

Mwachidule, kupanga acetone kumakhudza machitidwe ndi masitepe ambiri, koma zopangira zazikulu ndi okosijeni ndi propylene ndi mpweya motsatana.Komanso, titaniyamu woipa anathandiza paγ-Al2O3 nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kulimbikitsa zomwe zimachitika.Pomaliza, mutatha kupatukana ndi kuyeretsa masitepe monga distillation ndi kukonza, acetone yoyera kwambiri imatha kupezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana.